Antimicrobial activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles, amoxicillin, and glass-ionomer cement against Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Background. The development of dental caries is associated with various microorganisms and secondary caries formation is the main cause of restorations failure. The advice for restorative dental materials that have antimicrobial properties has stimulated the introduction of materials containing different antibacterial agents. Objectives. The present study has been designed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and incorporate AgNPs and amoxicillin into glass ionomer cement (GIC) to synergize its effect on oral microbes. The effect of the added antimicrobial agents on compressive strength (CS) of GIC was also evaluated. Material and methods. Biosynthesis of AgNPs was done using Cupressus macrocarpa extract and AgNPs were characterized. A total of 120 disc-shaped specimens were prepared and classified into 4 main groups where Group A includes conventional GIC, Groups B and C include GIC with AgNPs or amoxicillin, respectively, while Group D included GIC with both AgNPs and amoxicillin. Each group was tested for the antimicrobial activity against both Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The distribution of biofilm was examined via a scanning electron microscope. The CS of the tested material was measured using a Material Test System. Results. The UV−visible spectrum showed a peak of 429 nm. Transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction pattern and Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed the formation of AgNPs with spherical to oblong polydispersed particles of diameter in the range of 13.5–25.8 nm. The maximum inhibitory zone was recorded for group D against both tested bacteria with a mean of 29 mm at first 24 h period to 15 mm at three weeks and showed antimicrobial rate 92.2% and 92.56%, against both strains, respectively. Additionally, group D disintegrated the structure of S. aureus biofilm and even kill bacteria in the biofilms. The addition of AgNPs and amoxicillin caused an insignificant effect on CS of GIC. Conclusion. TheAgNPs showed a synergistic effect in combination with amoxicillin and GIC dental restorative material against studied microorganisms. The agents can be safely added with minimal effect on the mechanical properties of the original cement.

Enhanced Antibacterial and Anti-Biofilm Activities of Antimicrobial Peptides Modified Silver Nanoparticles

“… 44 As for AMP@PDA@AgNPs, the apparent absorption peak at 412 nm originated from the conjugation of AgNPs. 51 The study by Enas et al 24 showed an absorption maximum at 429 under the cupressus macrocarpa extract biosynthesis of AgNPs. Slight variation in absorption peak may be attributed to difference in the amount of the reducing chemicals present in the extracts.…”

“…To settle this problem, different methods have been used to modify AgNPs. [24][25][26] For instance, Ramyaa et al reported that dexamethasone-silver nanoparticles embedded in dendritic collagen matrix nanoparticles reduced biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia. 26 With the rapid development of nanotechnology, a lot of novel antimicrobial agents and methods have been put forward and studied, such as antibacterial peptides (AMP), 27,28 quaternary ammonium compounds, 29 quantum dots, 30 photodynamic therapy 31 and photothermal therapy.…”

“…To settle this problem, different methods have been used to modify AgNPs. 24–26 For instance, Ramyaa et al reported that dexamethasone-silver nanoparticles embedded in dendritic collagen matrix nanoparticles reduced biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia . 26…”

In vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Opuntia ficus-indica Seed Oil

“…The oil from cactus pear seed has been found to have an appreciable amount of oil with high levels of unsaturated fatty acids, with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity as well as cardioprotective, antithrombotic, antiinflammatory, antiarrhythmic, hypolipidemic, and antihyperglycemic effect [8,9]. Dental caries is a disease caused by the interactions between bacteria, foods, and saliva within the dental plaque and its major causative germ is known as S. mutans, among the germs present in the dental plaques [10]. S.mutans, as gram-positive and facultative anaerobic bacteria, generates acid and acidifies the environment within the dental plaque since it is acid-resistant.…”

Estimation of Bacterial Contamination on Toothbrush used by Different Students for a Different Time Period

“…S.mutans were found within the human mouth and is to blame for inflicting dental tooth decay [9]. Once dental biofilm remains on the tooth surface with sugars and bacterium, the sugars are converted into organic acid by metabolism [10].…”