Antimalarial herbal remedies of Msambweni, Kenya

Nguta, Joseph Mwanzia; Mbaria, James Mucunu; Gakuya, D.W.; Gathumbi, P. K.; Kiama, Stephen G.

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2010.01.033

Cited by 102 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…It can be predicted that the screened plant species can produce a better recovery of symptomatic malaria following combination with other antimalarial herbal remedies that exert synergy. Indeed, the screened antimalarial herbal remedies are combined with other plant species amongst Digo community traditional healers (Nguta et al, 2010). Most in vivo studies in mice with P. berghei have been uniformly disappointing (Obih & Makinde, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The five plant samples used in this study were collected in December 2010 from Msambweni district of Kenya based on ethnopharmacological use through interviews with local communities and traditional health practitioners (Nguta et al, 2010). The plants were identified by Mr. Kimeu Musembi, a taxonomist at the University of Nairobi Herbarium, Nairobi, where voucher specimens were deposited.…”

Section: Collection Of Plant Materials and Preparation Of Crude Extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brine shrimp cytotoxicity and antimalarial activity of plants traditionally used in treatment of malaria in Msambweni district

Mwangi

Wagacha

Nguta

et al. 2014

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Context: In Kenya, most people use traditional medicine and medicinal plants to treat many diseases including malaria. To manage malaria, new knowledge and products are needed. Traditional herbal medicine has constituted a good basis for antimalarial lead discovery and drug development. Objectives: To determine in vivo antimalarial activity and brine shrimp toxicity of five medicinal plants traditionally used to treat malaria in Msambweni district, Kenya. Materials and methods: A 0.2 ml saline solution of 100 mg/kg aqueous crude extracts from five different plant parts were administered orally once a day and evaluated for their in vivo chemosuppressive effect using Plasmodium berghei berghei-infected Swiss mice for four consecutive days. Their safety was also determined using Brine shrimp lethality test: Grewia trichocarpa Hochst ex A. Rich Results: Parasitaemia was as follows: A. indica, 3.1%; D. cinerea, 6.3%; T. indica, 25.1%; A. seyal, 27.8%; and G. trichocarpa, 35.8%. In terms of toxicity, A. indica root bark extract had an LC 50 of 285.8 mg/ml and was considered moderately toxic. T. indica stem bark extract and G. trichocarpa root extract had an LC 50 of 516.4 and 545.8 mg/ml, respectively, and were considered to be weakly toxic while A. seyal and D. cinerea root extracts had a LC 50 41000 mg/ml and were, therefore, considered to be non-toxic. Discussion and conclusion: All extracts had antimalarial activity that was not significant compared to chloroquine (p ! 0.05). No extract was toxic to the arthropod invertebrate, Artemia salina L. (Artemiidae) larvae, justifying the continued use of the plant parts to treat malaria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Collection Of Plant Materials and Preparation Of Crude Extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brine shrimp cytotoxicity and antimalarial activity of plants traditionally used in treatment of malaria in Msambweni district

Mwangi

Wagacha

Nguta

et al. 2014

Pharmaceutical Biology

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“…This provides support for a pharmacological basis of the use of the plant species in the treatment of such ailments. Coughs and as an aphrodisiac Maroyi, 2013;Mustapha, 2013a;Viol, 2009Mustapha, 2013aMustapha, 2013b Semenya andPotgieter, 2013;Sobiecki, 2008;Moeng, 2010;Mabogo 1990Wanzala et al, 2012Nguta et al, 2010a;Nguta et al, 2010bNadembega et al, 2011Nadembega et al, 2011Hamill et al, 2003Mustapha, 2013aOgunmefun and Gbile, 2012Borikini et al, 2013Mustapha, 2013a Motlhanka and Nthoiwa,…”

Section: Ethnomedicinal Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Securidaca longipedunculata Fresen (Polygalaceae): A review of its ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological properties and toxicology

Mongalo

McGaw

Finnie

et al. 2015

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Ethnopharmacologicalrelevance: Securidaca longipedunculata Fresen (Polygalaceae) is a multi-purpose plant with a long history of use in African traditional medicine to treat various sexually transmitted infections, hernias, coughs, fever, ascariasis, constipation, headaches, rheumatism, stomach ache, malaria, tuberculosis, pain, epilepsy, pneumonia, skin infections, and it is also used as an aphrodisiac for men. The current paper provides an overview of the present phytochemistry, toxicology, ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological properties of S. longipedunculata. Materials and methods:The information reported in this paper was collected from a literature search using various computerised databases including ScienceDirect, Moreover, the pharmacokinetic properties of extracts and compounds of the species need to be explored as there is insufficient data available on these aspects.

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“…To validate the ethnomedicinal use of some Combretum and their closely related species used for treating infectious and GIT disorders, we used a solvent system different from conventional non-polar that would break cellular membranes and extract highly polar compounds as well as non- antimalaria (Gathirwa et al, 2011;Nguta et al, 2010) anti-inflammatory, anthelminthic and antischistosomal (McGaw et al, 2001), antifungal (Masoko et al., 2007; antibacterial (Angeh et al, 2007) 1α,23β-dihydroxy-12-oleanen-29-oic-acid-23β-O-α-4-acetylrhamnopyranoside, 1,22-dihydroxy-12-oleanen-30-oic acid, 24-ethylcholesta-7,22,25- (Eloff et al, 2005a) for treating abdominal pains and venereal diseases anti-inflammatory, anthelminthic and antischistosomal (McGaw et al, 2001); antifungal (Masoko et al., 2007); antibacterial (Eloff et al, 2005a and b); anti coccidiosis (Naidoo et al, 2008) 2 ',3',4-trihydroxyl-3,5,4'-trimethoxyl bibenzyl (combretastatin B5) (Eloff et al, 2005b) polar compounds. We then determined the antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory activities of phenolic-enriched crude extracts and fractions of varying polarity of four Combretum species indigenous to South Africa (Table 1).…”

Section: Some Of the Commonly Encountered Opportunistic And Enteropatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bloody diarrhoea, wounds and conjunctivitis (Gathirwa et al, 2011); antimalaria (Gathirwa et al, 2011;Nguta et al, 2010) anti-inflammatory, anthelminthic and antischistosomal (McGaw et al, 2001), antifungal (Masoko et al, 2007); antibacterial (Angeh et al, 2007) 1α,23β-dihydroxy-12-oleanen-29-oic-acid-23β-O-α-4-acetylrhamnopyranoside, 1,22-dihydroxy-12-oleanen-30-oic acid, 24-ethylcholesta-7,22,25-trien-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (Angeh et al, 2007) C. vendae A.E. van Wyk (Afrikaans: Vendaboswilg.…”

Section: Leaves and Rootmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarity of extracts and fractions of four Combretum (Combretaceae) species used to treat infections and gastrointestinal disorders in southern African traditional medicine has a major effect on different relevant in vitro activities

Ahmed

McGaw

Elgorashi

et al. 2014

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Graphical abstractPhenolic-enriched extracts of four Combretum species namely Combretum bracteosum, Combretum padoides, Combretum vendae and Combretum woodii used in South African traditional medicine to treat various ranges diseases were evaluated against some diarrhoeal aetiologies. All the crude extracts and their fractions of varied polarities had good antimicrobial (non-polar fractions) or good antioxidant (polar fractions) activity. The crude extract of all the plant species were cytotoxic to Vero cell lines but did not lead to COX enzyme inhibition. Phenolic-enriched extractsFour Combretum species traditionally used for treating infectious and gastrointestinal complications in southern Africa In vitro assays: antioxidant, anti-inflammation, antimicrobial, cytotoxicity AbstractEthnopharmacological importance: Infections and gastrointestinal (GIT) disorders such as diarrhoea causes many problems in human health and animal production. Many Combretum species are used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases by rural people in Africa and Asia. Much of the work done to date on some species to validate their ethnopharmacological use was on the non-polar or intermediate polarity components. Many species are yet to be studied against relevant disease parameters using more polar extracts. Aims:The polar components were extracted and fractionated by solvent-solvent fractionation to yield fractions of different polarities. The activity of these fractions on different parameters that could be involved in infectious and gastrointestinal track (GIT) disorders was investigated. The cytotoxic activities of the extracts were also determined to evaluate the potential of these extracts to combat diarrhoea in production animals. Materials and Methods:Phenolic-enriched leaf extracts of Combretum bracteosum (Cob), Combretum padoides (Cop), Combretum vendae (Cov) and Combretum woodii (Cow) were obtained by extracting with a mixture of 70% acetone acidified with 1% HCl and n-hexane. The extract was sequentially treated by solvent-solvent fractionation with dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and butanol to yield fractions with a large variation in polarity. The phenolic constituents of the extracts and fractions were determined using standard procedures. The antioxidant activities were determined using various standard methods. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the crude extracts and fractions against four bacterial and three fungal strains were assessed with a microplate serial dilution method.Cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzyme inhibitory assays and cytotoxicity studies against Vero cells were also carried out.Result: Some of the fractions had much higher antioxidant activity than the positive controls. The average EC 50 values of the extracts for the DPPH and ABTS antioxidant assays were 0.21-12 µg/ml (Cop), 0.25-16 µg/ml (Cov), 0.33-9.41 µg/ml (Cow) and 4.97-85 µg/ml (Cob) respectively while the mean EC 50 values for the positive controls ascorbic acid and trolox were 1.28-1.51 and 1.02-1.19 ...

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Antimalarial herbal remedies of Msambweni, Kenya

Cited by 102 publications

References 53 publications

Brine shrimp cytotoxicity and antimalarial activity of plants traditionally used in treatment of malaria in Msambweni district

Brine shrimp cytotoxicity and antimalarial activity of plants traditionally used in treatment of malaria in Msambweni district

Securidaca longipedunculata Fresen (Polygalaceae): A review of its ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological properties and toxicology

Polarity of extracts and fractions of four Combretum (Combretaceae) species used to treat infections and gastrointestinal disorders in southern African traditional medicine has a major effect on different relevant in vitro activities

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