ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL OF A BRASSICACEOUS WEED Sisymbrium irio AGAINST Macrophomina phaseolina

Abstract

-Macrophomina phaseolina, a soil-borne plant pathogen, has the ability to cause diseases in about 500 plant species. Unfortunately, so far no registered fungicide is available against this fungal pathogen. In the present study, different extracts of Sisymbrium irio, a weed of family Brassicaceae, were tested for evaluation of their antifungal activity against M. phaseolina. In screening bioassays, antifungal activity of methanolic extracts of 1% to 6% concentrations of different parts (leaf, stem, root and fruit) of the weed was assessed against the fungal pathogen. Methanolic leaf and root extracts significantly reduced fungal biomass up to 59% and 69% over control, respectively. Methanolic leaf and root extracts were further partitioned using four organic solvents namely n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol in order of increasing polarity. Antifungal activity of different concentrations of these fractions (3.125, 6.25, …, 200 mg mL -1 ) was assessed against the pathogen. Chloroform and n-hexane fractions of methanolic leaf extract showed highly pronounced activity resulting in 35-75% and 15-87% reduction in fungal biomass over corresponding control treatments, respectively. Likewise, the highest concentration (200 mg mL -1 ) of chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of methanolic root extract reduced fungal biomass by 75%, 70% and 87%, respectively. The present study concludes that chloroform and n-butanol fractions of methanolic leaf and root extracts of S. irio, respectively, contain potent antifungal constituents for management of M. phaseolina.Keywords: antifungal activity, London rocket, plant extracts. (3,125, 6,25, …, 200 RESUMO -

Bioassays Guided Fractionation of Ageratum conyzoides Extract for the Identification of Natural Antifungal Compounds against Macrophomina phaseolina

“…Recently, Javaid et al (2017a) investigated through bioassays guided fractionation that leaf extract of Senna occidentalis possess highly antifungal constituents for the management of M. phaseolina. Similar effects of extracts of Sisymbrium irio, Azadirachta indica and Sonchus oleraceous have also been reported against this fungal pathogen (Javaid et al 2017b;Munir et al 2018;Banaras et al 2020).…”

Evaluation of Antifungal Potential of Leaf Extract of Chenopodium murale Against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici

“…Conidial suspension of FOL was made in autoclaved distilled water and 20 μL of the suspension was added to each test tube of every treatment and incubated at 28 o C. After seven days of incubation, fungal mycelia were harvested by filteration. Fungal biomass was dried at 60 o C and weighed (Javaid et al, 2017).…”

Bioactive Constituents of Shoot Extracts of Sisymbrium irio L. Against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae

“…The inhibitory effect of fruit extract was also significant where 8-48% decrease in fungal biomass was noted due to various concentrations of the extract. Earlier,Javaid et al (2017) also reported inhibitory effect of methanolic leaf extract of S. irio on growth of Macrophomina phaseolina. The presence of glucosinolates and flavonoids in the methanolic shoot extracts of brassicas(Al-Qudah and Abu Zarga, 2010;Sun et al, 2011), are responsible for their antifungal potential(Kanwal et al, 2010).…”

“…In vitro screening bioassays were conducted in 100 mL flasks following Javaid et al (2017). The weighed amount (9 g) of crude extract from each part was dissolved in 5 mL of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and stock solutions (15 mL each) were prepared by adding appropriate quantity of autoclaved distilled water.…”

“…Fractionation of crude methanolic leaf extract with different organic solvents was carried out by adopting the procedure of Javaid et al (2017). The methanolic extract of leaf was prepared by extracting 1 kg of dried leaf material in 6 L methanol.…”