Antifungal effects of 3‐(2‐pyridyl)methyl‐2‐(4‐chlorphenyl) iminothiazolidine against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Abstract

BACKGROUNDSclerotinia stem rot (SSR) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum threatens oilseed rape cultivation, and the emergence of fungicide‐resistant strains has led to control failures worldwide. Identifying novel chemical alternatives with different modes of action and high antifungal activities is thus crucial. Herein we evaluated the antifungal effects of 3‐(2‐pyridyl)methyl‐2‐(4‐chlorphenyl)imino‐ thiazolidine (PMAS) on S. sclerotiorum to determine its efficacy for SSR management.RESULTSPMAS had an inhibitory effect on mycelial growth; the EC50 values were 17.83 and 21.15 μg mL−1 for the carbendazim‐susceptible strain Ss01 and carbendazim‐resistant strain Hm25, respectively. PMAS treatment changed the color of inhibited mycelia to green, and the hyphae were sustained in the undifferentiated stage. Cysteine supplementation made this green color disappear, whereas methionine enhanced the color. Moreover, PMAS treatment markedly inhibited oxalic acid biogenesis, increased free thiol content in mycelia, and weakened the activities of oxaloacetase and malate dehydrogenase, but had little effect on the activity of glyoxylate dehydrogenase. Cysteine could reverse the inhibitory effects of PMAS on mycelial morphogenesis and biochemical constituents, except thiol production. In the pot‐culture experiment, PMAS showed a good protective effect, with the control efficacy being >91% on SSR.CONCLUSIONPMAS appears to be an effective fungicide for SSR management. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

Photoinactivation of Colletotrichum truncatum, Corynespora cassiicola, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Rhizoctonia solani in soybean seeds by cationic porphyrins

“…Phu et al (2019) observed a similar effect for antifungal activity of oligochitosan‐Zn +2 complexes on the inhibition of C. truncatum in vitro. Studies on the control of stem rot caused by S. sclerotiorum using 3‐(2‐pyridyl)methyl‐2‐(4‐chlorphenyl)imino‐thiazolidine (PMAS) showed that the compound at 10 μg/ml showed 88.95% efficacy in disease control in pot experiments (Zhang et al, 2020). No studies have been found with porphyrins against these pathogens.…”

Mitigating against Sclerotinia Diseases in Legume Crops: A Comprehensive Review

“…This has resulted in a range of fungicides-such as demethylation inhibitors, anilinopyrimidines, benzimidazoles, triazole, strobilurin, pyridine-carboxamide, dicarboxamides, iprodione, and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs)-on the market, in an attempt to reduces its associated effects on crop yield and quality [160][161][162][163][164][165]. The fungicides' active ingredients are picoxystrobin, fluazinam, tetraconazole, pyraclostrobin, boscalid, penthiopyrad, trifloxystrobin, fluxapyroxad, prothioconazole, thiophanate methyl, and prothioconazole [76,[166][167][168][169][170][171]. The most frequently used fungicides in controlling S. sclerotiorum are dicarboximides and benzimidazoles, with countries reporting some strains showing resistance [172].…”

Combining Desirable Traits for a Good Biocontrol Strategy against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

“…The most commonly used fungicides to eradicate white mold are benzimidazoles and dicarboximides [34]. However, S. sclerotiorum populations have become resistant to most fungicides due to their widespread use.…”

“…However, S. sclerotiorum populations have become resistant to most fungicides due to their widespread use. Several countries now report S. sclerotiorum strains that are resistant to benzimidazoles and dicarboximide [34]. New fungicides with novel modes of action based on thiazolidine compounds containing nitrogen and sulfur are being investigated to minimize the losses caused by white mold [34].…”

“…Several countries now report S. sclerotiorum strains that are resistant to benzimidazoles and dicarboximide [34]. New fungicides with novel modes of action based on thiazolidine compounds containing nitrogen and sulfur are being investigated to minimize the losses caused by white mold [34]. As most synthetic pesticides can be harmful to humans and the environment, more environmentally friendly alternative methods are being sought to reduce their use [6].…”