Abstract:We demonstrated that HBK-6 has a potent antidepressant-like activity in FST, stronger than that of FX and RX, and seems to mediate its effect through serotonergic system. Moreover, at antidepressant-like doses it does not show neurotoxic properties. Given the promising results, HBK-6 may have potential in the treatment of depression, but this needs extended studies.
“…Moreover, as mentioned above, some xanthone derivatives also produce antidepressant-like activity in many behavioural tests and models (Jastrzebska-Wiesek et al, 2003;Pytka et al, 2015;Zhao et al, 2014). As HBK-11 is a xanthone derivative, which contains 2-methoxyphenylpiperazine moiety in its structure, the results of our present study are in agreement with these findings.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 92%
“…It has been proven that xanthone derivatives possess various biological properties, including antiarrhythmic, hypotensive, anticonvulsant and antidepressant-like (Jastrzebska-Wiesek et al, 2003;Pytka et al, 2015;Rapacz et al, 2014;Szkaradek et al, 2013;Zhao et al, 2014). Xanthones form Kielmeyera coriacea and Gentiana kochiana have been shown to produce antidepressant-like effects in the rat forced swim test (Sela et al, 2010;Tomić et al, 2005).…”
“…Moreover, as mentioned above, some xanthone derivatives also produce antidepressant-like activity in many behavioural tests and models (Jastrzebska-Wiesek et al, 2003;Pytka et al, 2015;Zhao et al, 2014). As HBK-11 is a xanthone derivative, which contains 2-methoxyphenylpiperazine moiety in its structure, the results of our present study are in agreement with these findings.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 92%
“…It has been proven that xanthone derivatives possess various biological properties, including antiarrhythmic, hypotensive, anticonvulsant and antidepressant-like (Jastrzebska-Wiesek et al, 2003;Pytka et al, 2015;Rapacz et al, 2014;Szkaradek et al, 2013;Zhao et al, 2014). Xanthones form Kielmeyera coriacea and Gentiana kochiana have been shown to produce antidepressant-like effects in the rat forced swim test (Sela et al, 2010;Tomić et al, 2005).…”
“…forced swim test and spontaneous locomotor activity), which were then followed by tissue collection and biochemical analysis. The doses of compounds used in this study were based on our previous experiments (Pytka et al 2015b; Pytka et al 2015a). Fig.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The locomotor activity was performed as previously described (Pytka et al 2015b). Briefly, locomotor activity was recorded for each animal individually using activity cages, which were supplied with I.R.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…with saline. The doses of the studied compounds and scopolamine were based on our previous experiments (Pytka et al 2015b; Pytka et al 2015a; Pytka et al 2016a). …”
5-HT1A and 5-HT7 receptor ligands might have antidepressant-like properties and improve cognitive function. We previously reported significant antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects of two dual 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 receptor antagonists in various behavioral tests in rodents. As a continuation of our previous experiments, in this study we aimed to investigate whether chronic administration of 1-[(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)ethoxyethyl]-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine hydrochloride (HBK-14) and 1-[(2-chloro-6-methylphenoxy)ethoxyethyl]-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine hydrochloride (HBK-15) caused antidepressant-like effects and elevated serotonin levels in the murine hippocampus. We also evaluated cholinolytic properties and the influence of acute administration of both compounds on cognitive function in mice. To assess antidepressant-like properties and the influence on learning and memory we used forced swim test and step-through passive avoidance task in mice, respectively. Both compounds showed antidepressant-like properties and significantly elevated serotonin levels in the hippocampus after chronic treatment (HBK-14 – 2.5 mg/kg; HBK-15 – 0.625 and 1.25 mg/kg). HBK-15 administered chronically antidepressant-like activity at lower dose (0.625 mg/kg) than the dose active after acute treatment (1.25 mg/kg). None of the compounds affected locomotor activity of mice. HBK-15 possessed very weak cholinolytic properties, whereas HBK-14 did not show any effect on muscarinic receptors. Only HBK-15 (0.625 mg/kg) presented memory-enhancing properties and ameliorated cognitive impairments caused by scopolamine (1 mg/kg). Our results indicate that 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 antagonists might have potential in the treatment of depression and possess positive influence on cognitive function.
Botanical pesticides play increasingly important roles in the control of agricultural pests. In this study, the insecticidal effects, specifically the repellent action and contact toxicity, of the essential oil extracted from Chinese chive (EOC) against Plutella xylostella larvae were confirmed. The mechanisms of repellent's action were studied using electroantennograms (EAGs), and the effects on glutathione S-transferase (GST), carboxylesterase (CarE), and acetyl cholinesterase were investigated after EOC treatments.The EOC affected the EAG results and inhibited the activities of GST and CarE in treated P. xylostella larvae, which could explain its insecticidal effects. And, four pyrazines showed greater repellent activities than that of the EOC, which was confirmed as the main active compounds of EOC.
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