Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in people living with HIV

Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 in HIV Patients Co-Infected with COVID-19

“…Rest of the participants seroconverted at day 35 th (17%), day 50 th (9%) and day 65 th (4%). Present study corroborates with finding by Shinay, et al from Japan where seroconversion was seen in 30 days post symptoms onset in HIV patients with SARS-CoV-2 [12]. In studies with non HIV seropositive COVID-19 infected individuals seroconversion has been documented at a median of 10-14 days [2].…”

Anti-spike antibody response to natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population

“…We found no evidence of an independent effect of long-term health conditions on non-response, possibly reflecting the heterogeneity of this group including those with a range of cardiovascular and metabolic conditions not typically associated with impaired humoral immunity, as well as conditions more directly impacting antibody production. Other studies have reported that people taking immunosuppressive medications or with impaired immunity have decreased antibody responses 31 – 35 . Although in some populations antibodies are associated with protection from re-infection 3 , 4 , the risk of re-infection and vaccine failure in PCR-positive seronegative individuals from specific immunocompromised groups needs further study.…”

Anti-spike antibody response to natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population

“…hypogammaglobulinaemia). Other studies have reported that people taking immunosuppressive medications or with impaired immunity have decreased antibody responses, including those with diabetes, HIV, lymphoma, inflammatory bowel disease, and those taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [29][30][31][32][33] . Although in some populations, antibodies are associated with protection from reinfection 3,4 , the risk of reinfection and vaccine failure in PCRpositive seronegative individuals from specific immunocompromised groups needs further study.…”

“…However, a subset may also represent reinfection with an undetected first infection. Supporting these possibilities, Ct values were higher (median [IQR] 32 [30][31][32][33][34]) than Class 1 (p<0.001), self-reported symptoms were less common (21.8%), as were multiple positive PCR tests (24.4%) (p<0.001) (Tables 1&S1). For more participants, the index positive PCR was their first test in the study (27.4%); in the remainder, the median days since last negative was 29 days, higher than other classes (p<0.001) and with considerable skew, with 369 (44.4%) being >31 days and 256 (30.8%) being >59 days, supporting late detection contributing to this group.…”

“…Their IgG levels barely increased and were below the positivity threshold throughout (excepting 17 outlier individuals who appeared to mount a response >30 days after their index positive PCR test). Compared with Class 1, Class 3 had higher Ct values (median [IQR] 33 [31][32][33][34], p<0.001), a lower percentage selfreporting symptoms (21.2%, p<0.001) or classic symptoms (6.7%, p<0.001) (Table 1). Very few had more than one positive swab in their first infection episode (3.4%) or an accompanying positive test in the national testing programme (1.9%) (Table S1).…”