Antibody response over time correlated with treatment outcome in 30 dogs naturally infected with Brucella canis (2017–2022)

Guarino, Cassandra M.; Franklin‐Guild, Rebecca J.; Goodrich, Erin L.; Conklin, Rachel; Frye, Elisha; Pinn-Woodcock, Toby

doi:10.2460/ajvr.23.01.0014

Cited by 7 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Signalment data pertaining to B canis is limited, with no strong evidence of a specific breed predisposition (Weber andSchliesser 1975, Santos andothers 2021). Sex representation is likely biased as the high-stakes nature of canine abortions prompts aggressive diagnostic investigation in bitches (Santos and others 2021), whereas meaningful data on male dogs is complicated by the prevalence of subclinical carriers (Greene 2006).…”

Section: Aetiology and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite sparse literature, B canis is a well-accepted infectious cause of intraocular disease (Ledbetter andothers 2009, Vinayak andothers 2004). Clinical features of B canis ocular disease include anterior uveitis (unilateral and bilateral), panuveitis, endophthalmitis, retinal detachment and intraocular haemorrhage (Greene 2006). One paper reported that of 313 dogs confirmed with B canis, 14 per cent had ocular involvement and overall the prognosis for vision was guarded (Vinayak and others 2004).…”

Section: Ocular Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Doxycycline and rifampicin, in combination with aminoglycosides, are wellestablished and effective in people (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] 2017). Unlike canine B canis infection, prompt treatment eliminates the bacteria in people and the disease is rarely fatal (Greene 2006).…”

Section: How Is Canine Brucella Canis Treated?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brucella canis: a clinical review and rationalising risk

Woods

2024

In Practice

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Background: After a letter published by the chief veterinary officer in February 2021 highlighted an increase in the number of positive Brucella canis dogs, the frequency of B canis testing in the UK has increased substantially. To date, roughly 160 positive cases have been reported by the APHA. Amid growing unease, veterinary teams have implemented practice protocols to mitigate risk associated with this non‐endemic, zoonotic infection. Although well‐meaning, blanket policy and inappropriate application of serological tests can negatively impact client and patient welfare while fuelling health anxiety among staff. The combination of increased pet travel, increased popularity of importing dogs and a lack of centralised border requirements for dogs, means B canis is likely to be increasingly encountered and warrants regular, evidence‐based discussion to empower the profession and preserve canine welfare.Aim of the article: This article summarises the clinically relevant issues surrounding Brucella canis, focussing on epidemiology, transmission, human health and safety, clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment. Governmental recommendations and recent risk assessments by the Human Animal Infection and Risk Surveillance group are drawn on where appropriate. Moreover, the article aims to instil confidence in veterinary personnel when rationalising B canis infection risk, and help to ensure that canine and staff health are protected.

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Section: Aetiology and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ocular Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Brucella canis: a clinical review and rationalising risk

Woods

2024

In Practice

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Section: Canine Brucellosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In theory, it is possible to treat affected animals with a prolonged combined antibiotic therapy (Graham et al, 2022; Greene & Carmichael, 2012; Guarino et al, 2023), but it is mandatory to sterilize, remove them from the kennel and inform the new owners about the zoonotic risk, especially for children, old people and immunosuppressed persons. Indeed, recovery is never guaranteed, even if a seronegativity is restored, and relapses are frequent.…”

Section: Bacterial Causes Of Pregnancy Arrestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of pregnancy arrest in the canine species

Fontbonne

2023

Reprod Domestic Animals

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In the canine species, early pregnancy arrest before 30–40 days of pregnancy will induce intra‐uterine embryonic or foetal resorption, with very few clinical signs. If no genital examination by ultrasound is performed at that time, it will often remain unnoticed and the bitch will be qualified as infertile. It is only when pregnancy stops at a later stage, mostly after 40 days, that clinical signs will be seen. Expulsion of aborted foetuses or placentas may be observed, although the dam frequently eats the expelled tissues. Intra‐uterine mummification may also occur. This article reviews the causes of pregnancy termination in the bitch, both at the embryonic and the foetal stages, reported in the literature. Canine brucellosis is by far the most important disease concerned in this aspect. There is an important current concern about this disease, due to the fact that several outbreaks have been observed recently in Europe, and that it is a very contagious disease; it may be an underestimated zoonosis. Other bacterial causes of pregnancy arrest are sporadic. There is, however, a growing attention towards the microbiological content of raw food diets which are more and more popular among dog breeders and may—if badly prepared—contain abortifacient bacteria such as Campylobacter jejuni or Listeria monocytogenes. The abortifacient role of endogenous vaginal bacteria and mycoplasms remains unclear and may be related to an imbalanced vaginal flora with subsequent ascending bacterial contamination of the uterus. The role of Canine Herpesvirus on abortion is controversial and probably not frequent. Other viruses have been shown experimentally to induce abortion but their natural occurrence in this respect remains unknown. The same applies to the parasite Neospora caninum which is suspected, but not proven, potentially to induce pregnancy arrest in bitches. Among non‐infectious causes, uterine pathology such as cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) or sub‐clinical post‐mating endometritis which can cause infertility and may also induce embryonic resorption. The role of luteal insufficiency in pregnancy arrest is probably overestimated.

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The emergence of Brucella canis as a public health threat in Europe: what we know and what we need to learn

Djokic,

Freddi,

de Massis

et al. 2023

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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The zoonotic bacteria, Brucella canis , is becoming the leading cause of canine brucellosis in Europe. In dogs, it causes reproductive problems as well as non-specific lameness or discospondilitis. In humans, B. canis can be origin of chronic debilitating conditions characteristic to its genus such as undulant fever, splenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy. Although B. canis shows some pathogenic characteristics similar to B. abortus and B. melitensis , it lacks surface O-polysaccharide, like nonzoonotic B. ovis . This review shows that host– B. canis interactions are still poorly understood, with many knowledge and capability gaps, causing relatively poor sensitivity and specificity of existing diagnostic tools. Currently, there is no vaccine for this rough Brucella species. Besides, antimicrobial therapy does not guarantee bacterial elimination, and infection relapses are frequently reported, increasing the risks of antibiotic resistance development. B. canis has been detected in dogs in almost all European countries which increased human exposure, but currently there is no systematic surveillance. Moreover, B. canis caused brucellosis is not included in Animal Health Law, and therefore there is no legal framework to tackle this emerging infectious disease. To map out the diagnostic strategies, identify risks for human infections and propose management scheme for infected pet and kennel dogs, we present current understanding of canine B. canis caused brucellosis, outline major knowledge gaps and propose future steps. To address and highlight challenges veterinary and public health services encounter in Europe, we developed two B. canis infection scenarios: of a single household pet and of a kennel dog in larger group.

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Antibody response over time correlated with treatment outcome in 30 dogs naturally infected with Brucella canis (2017–2022)

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Brucella canis: a clinical review and rationalising risk

Brucella canis: a clinical review and rationalising risk

Causes of pregnancy arrest in the canine species

The emergence of Brucella canis as a public health threat in Europe: what we know and what we need to learn

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