Sequences targeted at the V3 and V4 16S rRNA hypervariable regions of a streptococcal strain (P1L01 T ) isolated from vaginal swabs of a pregnant woman with diabetes were 100% similar to those of Streptococcus anginosus subsp. whileyi. However, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA full-gene sequencing (1562 bp) revealed highest sequence similarity to Streptococcus periodonticum (98.65%), followed by Streptococcus anginosus subsp. whileyi (98.65 %), and Streptococcus anginosus subsp. anginosus (98.44%). Phylogenies of housekeeping genes rpoB and groEL were compared to improve classi cation, and the results showed a clear separation between strain P1L01 T and closely related Streptococcus type strains. The complete genome of strain P1L01 T consisted of 2,108,769 bp with a G+C content of 38.5 mol%. Average nucleotide identity values, based on genome sequencing, between strain P1L01 T and Streptococcus periodonticum KCOM 2412 T , Streptococcus anginosus subsp. whileyi CCUG 39159 T , and Streptococcus anginosus subsp. anginosus NCTC 10713 T were 95.48%, 94.33%, and 95.28%, respectively. The highest in silico DNA-DNA hybridization value with respect to the closest species was 66.2%, i.e., below the species cut-off of 70% hybridization. The main cellular fatty acids of strain P1L01 T were 16:0, 18:1ω7c, and 14:0. On the basis of phylogenetic, genotypic and phenotypic data, we propose to classify this isolate as representative of a novel species of the genus Streptococcus, Streptococcus vaginalis sp. nov., in reference to its isolation from vaginal swabs, with strain P1L01 T (=NBRC 114754 T = BCRC 81289 T ) as the type strain.