Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Pseudomonas spp. Isolated from the River Danube

Abstract

Spread and persistence of antibiotic resistance pose a severe threat to human health, yet there is still lack of knowledge about reservoirs of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the environment. We took the opportunity of the Joint Danube Survey 3 (JDS3), the world's biggest river research expedition of its kind in 2013, to analyse samples originating from different sampling points along the whole length of the river. Due to its high clinical relevance, we concentrated on the characterization of Pseudomonas spp. and evaluated the resistance profiles of Pseudomonas spp. which were isolated from eight sampling points. In total, 520 Pseudomonas isolates were found, 344 (66.0%) isolates were identified as Pseudomonas putida, and 141 (27.1%) as Pseudomonas fluorescens, all other Pseudomonas species were represented by less than five isolates, among those two P. aeruginosa isolates. Thirty seven percent (37%) of all isolated Pseudomonas species showed resistance to at least one out of 10 tested antibiotics. The most common resistance was against meropenem (30.4%/158 isolates) piperacillin/tazobactam (10.6%/55 isolates) and ceftazidime (4.2%/22 isolates). 16 isolates (3.1%/16 isolates) were multi-resistant. For each tested antibiotic at least one resistant isolate could be detected. Sampling points from the upper stretch of the River Danube showed more resistant isolates than downriver. Our results suggest that antibiotic resistance can be acquired by and persists even in Pseudomonas species that are normally not in direct contact with humans. A possible scenario is that these bacteria provide a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes that can spread to related human pathogens by horizontal gene transfer.

Prevalence of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (P. Aeruginosa) and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns at a Private Hospital in Sana'a, Yemen

“…The occurrence of P. aeruginosa was found to be higher in males, inpatients in age group >60 years and in surgery department, which is same as reported by Marzoqi et al,10 . This might be due to prolonged hospitalization and other associated co-morbidities in these age groups.…”

Prevalence and Antibiogram of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from West African Mud Creeper (Tympanotonus fuscatus)

“…Isolates were also very resistant to Amoxicilin/clavulanic acid-30µg 26 (81.3%) and Cephalexin-10 µg 24 (75.0%). Similar studies by Kittinger, et al [27] also showed that Pseudomonas is highly susceptible to gentamycin. A study from Garba, et al [28] also confirms high susceptibility of Pseudomonas to ofloxacin and gentamycin as well as its high resistance to Amoxicilin/Clavulanic acid (Augmentin).…”

In vitro antibiotic resistance patterns of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from clinical samples of a hospital in Madinah, Saudi Arabia

“…These opportunistic pathogens are host to several intrinsic and acquired resistance genes which they can also exchange with other gram negative bacteria (Juan Nicolau and Oliver, 2010). Hence, Pseudomonas is responsible for the occurrence and spread of several important carbapenemases (β-lactamases) (Kittinger et al, 2016). P. aeruginosa has high environmental tolerance, impermeable outer membrane, forms biofilms and has a several siderophores and pigments that allow it to evade the innate immune system (Fair and Tor, 2014).…”

“…Other species like P. putida and P. fluorescens cause a variety of infections in clinical settings (Kittinger et al, 2016). Contaminated catheters and other medical devices transmit these pathogens causing bacteraemia, sepsis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections (UTIs), burn and wound infections, etc (Peleg and Hooper, 2010).…”