Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia Coli in Pork Sold at Tamiang Layang Market, East Barito District

Abstract

provide a promising prospect for the people of East Barito. Unfortunately, many traditional markets in East Barito do not yet have special kiosks for the sale of pork. Currently, pork in East Barito sold on the roadside of the Tamiang Layang Market. The condition can cause the pork directly exposed to the sun, rain, dust, and other contaminants from the highway, which further may affect the pork quality. Food that sold openly on the roadside has a higher chance of being contaminated by coliform bacteria and pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, and Vibrio cholerae (Cho et al., 2011; Hanashiro et al., 2005; Mankee et al., 2005). Contamination of pathogenic bacteria in meat may result in foodborne disease (CDC 2018). Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a pathogenic bacteria causing foodborne disease that is harmful to human health. E. coli is also known as commensal bacteria which commonly

Distribution analysis of tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from floor surface and effluent of pig slaughterhouses in Banten Province, Indonesia

“…[ 4 ] showed that antibiotics are mostly used in pig farms for medication (55.21%), disease prevention (42.71%), and enhanced production (2.08%). Antibiotics of tetracycline class (oxytetracycline and tetracycline) are frequently used in pig farms [ 4 , 65 , 66 ].…”

“…The presence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in pigs might cause contamination of the pork [66], processed meat products [68], and pig slaughterhouse environment and its waste [38], in addition to having the potential to transmit to a wider area and ecosystem [57,58,69]. Marshall and Levy [70] and Sanders et al [11] showed that ARGs could be distributed to agricultural lands by direct and indirect contact through food, water, and animal feces.…”

Detection of tetracycline resistance genes and their diversity in Escherichia coli isolated from pig farm waste in Banten province, Indonesia

“…The occurrence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in pigs poses a significant risk, as it can lead to the contamination of pork [ 66 ] and processed meat products [ 71 ], as well as aquatic [ 27 ] and terrestrial environments [ 72 ] through improper handling of waste generated. Based on the field survey, most pig farms in Banten province were close to community settlements, and the generated waste was not handled properly.…”

“…This high diversity indicated the spread of tet genes from pig farms to the environment due to the excessive and uncontrolled use of tetracycline antibiotics in farms. Tetracycline antibiotics such as oxytetracycline and tetracycline have been frequently used in Indonesian pig farms for both therapeutic and nontherapeutic purposes (prophylactic, metaphylactic) as well as for growth promotion [9,65,66]. According to Kallau et al [9], 55.21% of antibiotics in pig farms were used for treatment, whereas 42.71% and 2.08% were used for disease prevention and production enhancement, respectively.…”

Escherichia coli CONTAMINATION AND ITS RESISTANCE TO ANTIBIOTICS IN SE’I MEAT

“…Research conducted by Adzitey (2015) on contaminated beef in Ghana showed that E. coli isolates have resistance to vancomycin and erythromycin as well. Rizaldi et al (2019) found 17 samples of pork sold in the Tamiang Layang market were contaminated with E. coli and were resistant to erythromycin, streptomycin, penicillin G, chloramphenicol (100%), tetracycline (94.1%), ampicillin (76.5%), and acid nalidixate (23.5%). In addition, in an analysis of products sold at meat stalls in Tamaulipas, Mexico, Martınez-Vazquez et al (2018) reported that 73 E. coli strains obtained from beef samples and 85 E. coli strains obtained from pork samples were resistant to cephalothin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, nitrofurantoin, and tetracycline antibiotics.…”