Antibioresistance of Microbial Strains Implicated in the Etiology of Sepsis with Oro-Maxillofacial Portal of Entry

Abstract

Methicillin-resistance phenomenon regarding Staphylococcus aureus which is often met as etiologic agent of severe systemic infections with oral-maxillofacial portal of entry imposes the first-line therapeutic schemes readjustment in patients with significant risk factors. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination for every isolated S.aureus strain is useful for the antibiotherapy guiding, in order to choose the appropriate antimicrobial substances and to avoid the selection of resistant mutants. There have been studied and tested 9036 bacterial strains isolated from patients hospitalized in the Sf.Spiridon Emergency County Hospital between 2013-2016. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), MIC 50 and MIC 90 values were determined for the following antibiotics: Penycilline, Erithromycin, Oxacylline, Tetracycline, Gentamycin, Tobramycine, Kanamycin, Ryfampicyn, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, Ofloxacine, Ciprofloxacine and Vancomycin.The classification of each identified bacterial strain into sensitive or resistant was accomplished according to the breakpoints recommended by CLSI 2016 (Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute). We considered intermediately susceptible isolates as being resistant. S.aureus antibioresistance was high to tetracycline, erythromycin and kanamycin, with elevated MIC 90 values (64�g). The rate of resistance to penicillin in the case of S.aureus was 94.7%. The lowest MIC values regarding Pseudomonas aeruginosa were for imipenem, meropenem and colistin and the highest ones for piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime and amikacin. Third generation cephalosporins demonstrated their inefficiency in the staphylococcal infections� treatment as a consequence of an increasing resistance to this category of betalactams. Vancomycin remains a saving in-hospital therapeutic option in the case of MRSA implication, next to teicoplanin and linezolid.

The Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance of Bacterial Isolates from Intensive Care Unit Patient Samples in a University Affiliated Hospital in Romania

“…Although there were significant decreases of the mean percentages for fluoroquinolone resistance, aminoglycoside resistance and carbapenem resistance during the period 2013 to 2016 [34], our study found more than half of the Pseudomonas strains resistant to carbapenems and fluoroquinolones, outcomes consistent with other findings [3,[40][41][42][43].…”

The Need to Develop New Antimicrobial Molecules, as Revealed by in vitro Assessment of Drug Resistance in Staphylococcal Skin Infections Treated with Autologous Bacterial Vaccine

“…Normally, during ribonucleic acid (RNA) translation the amino acids are transferred from an aminoacyl-transfer RNA complex held in the P site of the ribosomal complex to the ones located in the A site, which contributes to the movement of the aminoacyl-transfer RNA complex in site E, and consequently exiting of the ribosome (Figure 2 A) [12,19,20]. Linezolid binds to nucleic acid residues in the peptidyl transferase from site A of the ribosome and prevents the amino acid transfer from aminoacyl groups on transfer RNA located in the P site to the one from the site A, and interrupts the protein elongation (Figure 2 B) [12,17,[19][20][21]. as clindamycin, erythromycin) for long periods of time [22,23].…”

Antibiotic Resistance Profile and Chemical Quality Assessment of Groundwater Sources from Periurban Area of Bucharest, Romania

“…The studies developed in the last decades showed an increase in drug resistance in waterborne pathogens against the commonly used antibiotics for the treatment of enteric diseases including tetracycline, erythromycin, ampicillin and cotrimoxazole [10]. Furthermore, resistance to third generation cephalosporins and aztreonam has progressively increased in Romania after their introduction in therapy and over a 10-year interval, the percentage of isolates resistant to ceftazidime has doubled [11].…”