Antibacterial Effect and Mode of Action of Secondary Metabolites from Fungal Endophyte Associated with Aloe ferox Mill

Maliehe, Tsolanku Sidney; Mbambo, Melusi; Nqotheni, Mduduzi Innocent; Senzo, Ngema Siyanda; Shandu, Jabulani Siyabonga

doi:10.3390/microbiolres13010007

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…The antibacterial efficacy of the whole leaf extract from A. arborescens Mill was evaluated, and the extract demonstrated a broad spectrum antibacterial potency. The extract revealed MIC values less than 1 mg/mL against the selected strains, indicative of its noteworthiness [ 40 ]. Furthermore, the extract did not only demonstrate the bacteriostatic effect but also the bactericidal effect on the tested bacteria (except on E. coli ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Profile, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities, Mechanisms of Action of the Leaf Extract of Aloe arborescens Mill

Maliehe

Nqotheni

Shandu

et al. 2023

Plants

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Aloe arborescens Mill’s extracts have been explored for antibacterial and antioxidant efficacies. However, there is limited information on its chemical composition and mechanism of action. The purpose of this study was to assess the chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities and mechanism of the whole leaf extract of A. arborescens Mill. The phytochemical profile was analysed with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant and antibacterial activities were screened using 1,1diphenyl2picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and micro-dilution assays, respectively. The effects of the extract on the bacterial respiratory chain dehydrogenase, membrane integrity and permeability were analysed using iodonitrotetrazolium chloride, 260 absorbing materials and relative electrical conductivity assays. GC-MS spectrum revealed 26 compounds with N,N’-trimethyleneurea (10.56%), xanthine (8.57%) and 4-hexyl-1-(7-ethoxycarbonylheptyl)bicyclo[4.4.0]deca-2,5,7-triene (7.10%), being the major components. The extract also exhibited antioxidant activity with median concentration (IC50) values of 0.65 mg/mL on DPPH and 0.052 mg/mL on ABTS. The extract exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.07 to 1.13 mg/mL. The extract inhibited the bacterial growth by destructing the activity of the respiratory chain dehydrogenase, membrane integrity and permeability. Therefore, the leaf extract has the potential to serve as a source of antibacterial and antioxidant compounds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Profile, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities, Mechanisms of Action of the Leaf Extract of Aloe arborescens Mill

Maliehe

Nqotheni

Shandu

et al. 2023

Plants

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“…One of the important advantages of antibacterial nanomedicines is their potential to substitute for antibiotics. However, the A. welwitschiae strain is a promising antibiotic-producing strain ( Omeike et al, 2019 ; Maliehe et al, 2022 ). This means that the antibacterial activity of Bio-TeNPs produced by A. welwitschiae might be due to its antibiotics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green synthesis of biogenetic Te(0) nanoparticles by high tellurite tolerance fungus Mortierella sp. AB1 with antibacterial activity

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Tellurite [Te(IV)] is a high-toxicity metalloid. In this study, a fungus with high Te(IV) resistance was isolated. Strain AB1 could efficiently reduce highly toxic Te(IV) to less toxic Te(0). The reduced products formed rod-shaped biogenetic Te(0) nanoparticles (Bio-TeNPs) intracellularly. Further TEM-element mapping, FTIR, and XPS analysis showed that the extracted Bio-TeNPs ranged from 100 to 500 nm and consisted of Te(0), proteins, lipids, aromatic compounds, and carbohydrates. Moreover, Bio-TeNPs exhibited excellent antibacterial ability against Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter sakazakii, and Salmonella typhimurium according to inhibition zone tests. Further growth and live/dead staining experiments showed that E. coli and S. typhimurium were significantly inhibited by Bio-TeNPs, and cells were broken or shriveled after treatment with Bio-TeNPs based on SEM observation. Additionally, the antioxidant and cytotoxicity tests showed that the Bio-TeNPs exhibited excellent antioxidant capacity with no cytotoxicity. All these results suggested that strain AB1 showed great potential in bioremediation and Bio-TeNPs were excellent antibacterial nanomaterials with no cytotoxicity.

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“…Subsequently, the drop was dried for 1 h. Finally, tomato fruits were treated with 20 μl of Trichoderma crude extract in the same wound where the pathogen inoculum had been applied. The treated tomato fruits were dried under a laminar flow cabinet until the droplet was completely dry, and the closed trays were incubated at room temperature ( Stracquadanio et al, 2021 ; Maliehe et al, 2022 ). The untreated positive control was inoculated with the spore suspension of the pathogen, and the negative control was inoculated with Trichoderma extract.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichoderma asperellum empowers tomato plants and suppresses Fusarium oxysporum through priming responses

et al. 2023

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Plant-associated microbes play crucial roles in plant health and promote growth under stress. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the strategic crops grown throughout Egypt and is a widely grown vegetable worldwide. However, plant disease severely affects tomato production. The post-harvest disease (Fusarium wilt disease) affects food security globally, especially in the tomato fields. Thus, an alternative effective and economical biological treatment to the disease was recently established using Trichoderma asperellum. However, the role of rhizosphere microbiota in the resistance of tomato plants against soil-borne Fusarium wilt disease (FWD) remains unclear. In the current study, a dual culture assay of T. asperellum against various phytopathogens (e.g., Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, Alternaria alternata, Rhizoctonia solani, and F. graminerarum) was performed in vitro. Interestingly, T. asperellum exhibited the highest mycelial inhibition rate (53.24%) against F. oxysporum. In addition, 30% free cell filtrate of T. asperellum inhibited F. oxysporum by 59.39%. Various underlying mechanisms were studied to explore the antifungal activity against F. oxysporum, such as chitinase activity, analysis of bioactive compounds by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and assessment of fungal secondary metabolites against F. oxysporum mycotoxins in tomato fruits. Additionally, the plant growth-promoting traits of T. asperellum were studied (e.g., IAA production, Phosphate solubilization), and the impact on tomato seeds germination. Scanning electron microscopy, plant root sections, and confocal microscopy were used to show the mobility of the fungal endophyte activity to promote tomato root growth compared with untreated tomato root. T. asperellum enhanced the growth of tomato seeds and controlled the wilt disease caused by the phytopathogen F. oxysporum by enhancing the number of leaves as well as shoot and root length (cm) and fresh and dry weights (g). Furthermore, Trichoderma extract protects tomato fruits from post-harvest infection by F. oxysporum. Taking together, T. asperellum represents a safe and effective controlling agent against Fusarium infection of tomato plants.

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Antibacterial Effect and Mode of Action of Secondary Metabolites from Fungal Endophyte Associated with Aloe ferox Mill

Cited by 13 publications

References 57 publications

Chemical Profile, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities, Mechanisms of Action of the Leaf Extract of Aloe arborescens Mill

Chemical Profile, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities, Mechanisms of Action of the Leaf Extract of Aloe arborescens Mill

Green synthesis of biogenetic Te(0) nanoparticles by high tellurite tolerance fungus Mortierella sp. AB1 with antibacterial activity

Trichoderma asperellum empowers tomato plants and suppresses Fusarium oxysporum through priming responses

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