Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antiproliferative Properties of Essential Oils from Hairy and Normal Roots ofLeonurus sibiricusL. and Their Chemical Composition

Abstract

Essential oils obtained from the NR (normal roots) and HR (hairy roots) of the medicinal plant Leonurus sibiricus root were used in this study. The essential oil compositions were detected by GC-MS. Eighty-five components were identified in total. Seventy components were identified for NR essential oil. The major constituents in NR essential oil were β-selinene (9.9%), selina-4,7-diene (9.7%), (E)-β-caryophyllene (7.3%),myli-4(15)-ene (6.4%), and guaia-1(10),11-diene (5.9%). Sixty-seven components were identified in HR essential oil, the main constituents being (E)-β-caryophyllene (22.6%), and germacrene D (19.8%). The essential oils were tested for cytotoxic effect, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Both essential oils showed activity against grade IV glioma cell lines (IC50 = 400 μg/mL), antimicrobial (MIC and MFC values of 2500 to 125 μg/mL), and anti-inflammatory (decreased level of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in LPS-stimulated cells).The essential oils exhibited moderate antioxidant activity in ABTS (EC50 = 98 and 88 μg/mL) assay. This is the first study to examine composition of the essential oils and their antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory activities. The results indicate that essential oils form L. sibiricus root may be used in future as an alternative to synthetic antimicrobial agents with potential application in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Leonurus sibiricus root extracts decrease airway remodeling markers expression in fibroblasts

“…Phytochemical analysis has revealed the presence of a range of alkaloids, flavonoids, iridoids, diterpenes or phenolic acids I ntis secondary products [17]. It has been reported that extracts obtained from L. sibiricus may demonstrate a range of anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities [18][19][20][21]. In turn, extracts from L. sibiricus root have been found to induce apoptosis in various cancer cells via DNA damage or decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, altering the expression of apoptotic genes or cell cycle arrest [20,22].…”

“…In turn, extracts from L. sibiricus root have been found to induce apoptosis in various cancer cells via DNA damage or decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, altering the expression of apoptotic genes or cell cycle arrest [20,22]. Additionally, essential oils derived from the normal and transformed L. sibiricus roots present anti-inflammatory properties, by decreasing production of IL-1β, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in normal human astrocytes stimulated by lipopolysaccharide [18].…”

Transcriptome analysis of polycyclic sesquiterpene biosynthesis in Leonurus sibiricus L.

“…Unique polycyclic sesquiterpenes in L. sibiricus like ylangene, copaene, gurjunene, selinene and cadinol were shown to be distributed mainly in root as shown in Table 1 and other literuture [13]. The terpene metabolic pathways related genes expressed higher in root may encode some enzymes responsible for unique sesquiterpene synthesis.…”

“…Besides, valuable sesquiterpenes differentially distribute in various tissues of L. sibiricus. The constituents of α-copaene, α-ylangene, β-selinene, α-cadinol and γ-gurjunene in normal roots of L. sibiricus were higher than that in other tissues [13]. Therefore, the research of profile of STSs in different tissues of L. sibiricus may help us understand in depth into sesquiterpene secondary metabolites of L. sibiricus.…”

“…Due to this, these essential oils can be used in insecticide application or fragrance developments. L. sibiricusi is known as a rich source for sesquiterpense with unique aromadendrane skeletons such as ylangene, globulol and selinene [13]. The aims of this study is to carry out transcriptome of L. sibiricus with reference genome-free that would facilitate more detailed studies on various bioactive polycyclic sesquiterpenes biosynthesis.…”