Antibacterial and Hemocompatible pH-Responsive Hydrogel for Skin Wound Healing Application: In Vitro Drug Release

Abstract

The treatment of successive skin wounds necessitates meticulous medical procedures. In the care and treatment of skin wounds, hydrogels produced from natural polymers with controlled drug release play a crucial role. Arabinoxylan is a well-known and widely available biological macromolecule. We produced various formulations of blended composite hydrogels (BCHs) from arabinoxylan (ARX), carrageenan (CG), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using and cross-linked them with an optimal amount of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). The structural, morphological, and mechanical behavior of the BCHs samples were determined using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), mechanical testing, and wetting, respectively. The swelling and degradation assays were performed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution and aqueous media. Maximum swelling was observed at pH 7 and the least swelling in basic pH regions. All composite hydrogels were found to be hemocompatible. In vitro, silver sulfadiazine release profile in PBS solution was analyzed via the Franz diffusion method, and maximum drug release (87.9%) was observed in 48 h. The drug release kinetics was studied against different mathematical models (zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, Hixson–Crowell, Korsmeyer–Peppas, and Baker–Lonsdale models) and compared their regression coefficient (R2) values. It was observed that drug release follows the Baker–Lonsdale model, as it has the highest value (0.989) of R2. Hence, the obtained results indicated that, due to optimized swelling, wetting, and degradation, the blended composite hydrogel BCH-3 could be an essential wound dressing biomaterial for sustained drug release for skin wound care and treatment.

A physicochemical double-cross-linked gelatin hydrogel with enhanced antibacterial and anti-inflammatory capabilities for improving wound healing

“…For in vitro degradation assays, lyophilized Tsg-THA&Fe10, Tsg-THA&Fe20, Tsg-THA&Fe30, Tsg-THA&Fe40 and Tsg-THA&Fe50 hydrogel blocks of the same weight (0.5 g) were placed in 5 mL of PBS (pH 7.4, 37 °C), respectively, and the mixture was shaken uniformly at a rate of 100 r min −1 [ 41 ]. At scheduled time-points (4, 8, and 12 days), the hydrogel samples were collected, washed with deionized water, freeze-dried, and weighed.…”

Multifunctional Arabinoxylan-functionalized-Graphene Oxide Based Composite Hydrogel for Skin Tissue Engineering

“…This surface is rougher than typical, which helps to increase the surface area. By boosting ion transport and polymer chain mobility, it will improve the self-healing ability of hydrogels ( Khan et al, 2021d ; Zhao et al, 2022 ). It was also observed that increasing TEOS amount caused GO to cause more GO clustering at 300 µm as presented with red arrows.…”

Bioinspired Hydrogels as Platforms for Life-Science Applications: Challenges and Opportunities

“…If the crosslinking points are established by weak physical interactions, the water excess can determine the network disintegration up to complete dissolution. The amount of free and bound water can be determined by using different techniques and methods, such as: nuclear magnetic resonance, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, dielectric relaxation spectroscopy, quasi-elastic neutron scattering, infrared spectroscopy [93,94], diffusion or adsorption [40,41,59,62,63,95,96]. The main factors influencing the swelling process are: the crosslinking density, hydrophilicity of polymer chains, and characteristics of surrounding medium, such as pH or ionic strength and temperature.…”