Antibacterial Activity of Retinaldehyde against &lt;i&gt;Propionibacterium acnes&lt;/i&gt;

Péchère, M.; Péchère, Jean-Claude; Siegenthaler, Georges; Germanier, L.; Saurat, J.‐H.

doi:10.1159/000051375

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…3). The minimal inhibitory concentrations required to decrease the growth by 50% (MIC 50 ) for each strain of P. acnes were calculated from the results obtained by Pechère et al [13,14] and Lagarde et al [pers. commun.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 3. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (ÌM ) of RAL, ROL, RA and citral against reference strains [13,14] …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, all-trans-retinaldehyde (RAL) is converted by epidermal cells to both storage (all-trans-retinyl esters) and active (RA) forms of vitamin A and exerts significant retinoid biological activities [5][6][7], with a very good local tolerance even at a concentration of 0.1% [10,11]. On the other hand, RAL showed comedolytic [12] and antibacterial activities [13,14]. Recently, ·-hydroxy acids (AHAs) and particularly glycolic acid (GA) gained importance in dermatological applications, such as products against skin ageing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmacology of RALGA, a Mixture of Retinaldehyde and Glycolic Acid

et al. 2005

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Background: Retinoids and α-hydroxy acids (AHAs) are major compounds in topical therapy. They exert distinct but potentially complementary activities. However, their association is limited by their respective irritating potential. Recently, the first association between a retinoid and an AHA has been achieved; this formulation (RALGA) associates retinaldehyde (RAL) – a precursor of retinoic acid (RA) – and glycolic acid (GA) – an AHA. Objective: To study the pharmacological properties of RALGA. Methods: The bioavailability of RAL into the skin after topical RALGA was studied by HPLC, and its bioconversion to RA was analysed by measuring the enzyme activity of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase and the RA content in the epidermis and dermis. The retinoid activity of RALGA was studied on the modulation of Hhb4 keratin mRNA on the tail of C57BL/6 mice, and its comedolytic properties on the size and density of dermal cysts and the morphology of sebaceous glands in hairless mice. Results: Epidermal and dermal concentrations of RAL and RA were higher after RALGA treatment, as compared to both RAL 0.1% alone and RA 0.05% alone; this indicates that the presence of GA favours the bioavailability and biotransformation of RAL into RA. The retinoid activity of RALGA (suppression of Hhb4 mRNA keratin) was similar to that of RAL alone, indicating that the presence of GA does not interfere with specific retinoid activity; GA alone had no effect in this test, which confirms the specificity of Hhb4 mRNA keratin modulation for retinoid activity. The diameter and the density of dermal cysts as well as the size of sebaceous glands were significantly decreased by RALGA. Conclusion: These observations indicate that the addition of an AHA such as GA to a retinoid such as RAL results in a better bioavailability of the retinoid, thus a higher delivery of RA, which potentiates the biological activities of the retinoid. This combination allows a delivery of high amounts of RA in the skin while preventing the side-effects usually observed with high concentrations of topical RA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 3. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (ÌM ) of RAL, ROL, RA and citral against reference strains [13,14] …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmacology of RALGA, a Mixture of Retinaldehyde and Glycolic Acid

et al. 2005

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“…It is converted into all-trans retinoic acid and acts as topical retinoic acid in lower concentrations and generally found in cosmetic formulations. It has a mild comedolytic efect and has an antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria including P. acnes due to its aldehyde group [19]. It is generally used in cosmetic formulations.…”

Section: Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Topical Retinoids in Acne

Bayramgürler¹,

Kartal²,

Altunel³

2017

Acne and Acneiform Eruptions

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“…For instance RAL has been shown to have antibacterial activity when applied to the skin, an action not shared by retinol or RA [8,9], and was able to modulate the expression of various genes via the activation of retinoid receptors [10]. On the other hand, during animal studies with topical retinoids, it was observed that RAL and other retinoids induced lightening of the skin [3,11,12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Depigmenting Activity of Retinaldehyde

Sorg

Kasraee²,

Salomon³

et al. 2013

Dermatology

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Background: Retinoids have been reported to exert depigmenting activity. Unlike most depigmenting agents that target tyrosinase, they are not phenolic agents and may act via different mechanisms. Objectives: We analysed the properties of retinaldehyde (RAL), a precursor of retinoic acid (RA), as a skin-lightening agent in various models. Methods: The viability and the depigmenting properties of RAL were assessed in murine melanocytes, in human reconstructed epidermis, and in mice and guinea pigs. The melanin content and cytotoxicity were assessed in melanocytes; in 3-dimensional models, the melanin concentration and the number of active melanocytes were determined. Results: RAL was taken up by melanocytes and mostly metabolised to retinol and retinyl esters, and to a lesser extent to RA. RAL decreased the melanin concentration of guinea pig ears and mouse tails by 54 and 74%, respectively, and decreased the number of active melanocytes by 42 and 77%, respectively. In reconstructed epidermis the melanin concentration was increased by 52%, whereas the number of active melanocytes decreased by 44%. Conclusion: RAL exerts a significant depigmenting activity with a mode of action that looks different from that of RA. Our data suggest a skin-lightening effect related to a melanolytic action (i.e. a decrease in melanin concentration, whatever the mechanism) rather than to melanocytotoxicity, besides other still unknown actions of RAL on melanocytes.

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Antibacterial Activity of Retinaldehyde against <i>Propionibacterium acnes</i>

Cited by 29 publications

References 12 publications

Pharmacology of RALGA, a Mixture of Retinaldehyde and Glycolic Acid

Pharmacology of RALGA, a Mixture of Retinaldehyde and Glycolic Acid

The Use of Topical Retinoids in Acne

The Potential Depigmenting Activity of Retinaldehyde

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