Antibacterial Activity of Partially Oxidized Ag/Au Nanoparticles against the Oral PathogenPorphyromonas gingivalisW83

Abstract

Advances in nanotechnology provide opportunities for the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease. While physicochemical properties of Ag containing nanoparticles (NPs) are known to influence the magnitude of their toxicity, it is thought that nanosilver can be made less toxic to eukaryotes by passivation of the NPs with a benign metal. Moreover, the addition of other noble metals to silver nanoparticles, in the alloy formulation, is known to alter the silver dissolution behavior. Thus, we synthesized glutathione capped Ag/Au alloy bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) via the galvanic replacement reaction between maltose coated Ag NPs and chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) in 5% aqueous triblock F127 copolymer solution. We then compared the antibacterial activity of the Ag/Au NPs to pure Ag NPs on Porphyromonas gingivalis W83, a key pathogen in the development of periodontal disease. Only partially oxidized glutathione capped Ag and Ag/Au (Au:Ag≈0.2) NPs inhibited the planktonic growth of P. gingivalis W83. This effect was enhanced in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, which simulates the oxidative stress environment in the periodontal pocket during chronic inflammation.

Antibacterial coating of tooth surface with ion-releasing pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) nanofillers

“…Recently, as a local drug delivery system, antibacterial nanomaterials to modify the tooth surface have been experimentally tested. Metallic nanoparticles showed significant antibacterial effects against oral bacterial cells through antibacterial metallic ion release [4,5,6]. Therapy comprising nanoparticle coating of tooth surfaces is likely beneficial for prevention and improvement of periodontal disease.…”

Recent Advances in the Development of Antimicrobial and Antifouling Biocompatible Materials for Dental Applications

“…A combination of two or more metallic nanoparticles may be formulated to take advantage of the synergistic activity of the metals [118]. Holden et al synthesized Ag and gold (Au) bimetallic nanoparticles where the incorporated Au reduced toxicity of Ag towards cells [119]. The Ag/Au nanoparticles could inhibit the growth of P. gingivalis.…”

“…The Ag/Au nanoparticles could inhibit the growth of P. gingivalis. Microscopic images indicated damage of the bacterial membrane induced by the nanoparticles [119]. However, more work is required to provide the synergistic activity against periodontitis and caries causing pathogens, and the potential for reduced cytotoxicity against fibroblasts-possibly through combination of Ag with a benign metal.…”

Applications of nanomaterials in tissue engineering

“…When hydrogen peroxide exists, this antibacterial effect is enhanced. 82 Zhang et al synthesized a kind of light-activable nano-antibacterial scaffold based on gold nanocages to control the antibiotics release and the cooperated antibacterial effect of phototherapy and chemotherapy. Benefitting from the synergistic antibacterial effect of gold nanocages-based nano-platform, it exhibited great property of antibacterial both in vivo and in vitro ( Fig.…”