Antibacterial Activity of Endemic Artocarpus nobilis Thw Found in Sri Lanka

Abstract

Aims: To evaluate antibacterial activity of aqueous, methanol, dichloromethane, and hexane extracts of Artocarpus nobilis Thw. leaves and stem bark against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using agar well diffusion method.
 Methodology: Matured fully expanded leaves and stem bark parts of Artocarpus nobilis were collected, air-dried, and grounded. The extraction was obtained using a decoction extraction method. Antibacterial activity was performed against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC® 25923TM) and Escherichia coli (ATCC® 25922TM) using agar well diffusion method and gentamicin was used as a positive control. The whole experiment was done in triplicates and the diameter of the inhibition zone (in mm) was measured and recorded.
 Results: Results showed that aqueous bark extract (EC50 4.286 mg/mL) showed the highest efficacy and potency against E. coli while methanol bark extract (EC50 4.427 mg/mL) showed the highest efficacy and potency against S. aureus. R² and P values for aqueous, methanol, dichloromethane, and hexane extracts indicated that there was a strong, statistically significant correlation (P ≤ 0.05) between concentration and zone of inhibition for all extracts of A. nobilis against E. coli and S. aureus.
 Conclusion: This study showed that aqueous and methanol bark extracts of Artocarpus nobilis have marked in vitro dose-dependent antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus respectively. Further studies are necessary to ascertain the mechanism and the active constituents responsible for the antibacterial activity of the of plant parts of Artocarpus nobilis.

Review on Artocarpus nobilis Thw. (Moraceae): An Endemic Plant of Sri Lanka

“…A study done by Senadeera et al, 2021 have used eight extracts of leaves and bark (aqueous, methanol, dichloromethane, hexane extracts from each plant part) of A. nobilis and tested those against Escherichia coli (ATCC® 25922TM) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC® 25923TM) using agar well diffusion method. The aqueous bark extract showed the highest antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and methanol bark extract showed marked antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus determined by agar well diffusion method with the positive control Gentamicin [3].…”

“…The family Moraceae consists of about 37 genera of plants and Artocarpus is one of the important genera, which consists of about 55 species [1,2]. In Sri Lanka, mainly Artocarpus heterophyllus and Artocarpus nobilis can be found [3,4]. This review mainly focused on reviewing Artocarpus nobilis, also known as Ceylon breadfruit, which is endemic to Sri Lanka.…”

“…It serves as a productive multipurpose crop for making timber and fruits. Extracts of different parts of the plant (Bark, leaves, fruit, latex and roots) have been applied in the folk and ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of diarrhea, worm infestations, asthma, abscesses and soft tissue infections [3,5]. This review focuses on the morphology and distribution, bioactivity, pharmacological properties, ethnomedicinal properties, and phytochemistry of Artocarpus nobilis.…”

Therapeutic Potential of Carica papaya Linn.: A Comprehensive Review of Its Pharmacological Properties and Health Benefits, with Emphasis on Dengue Fever Healing

“…Plants and their products have been used for centuries in complementary medicine to treat various human diseases [1][2][3][4]. According to studies, approximately 80% of the world's population relies on plant products for primary medical care [5][6][7][8][9]. These plant-based products possess multiple benefits over synthetic drugs, including being less expensive, more readily available, and having fewer side effects after either brief or prolonged consumption [8][9][10][11][12].…”

Mirabilis jalapa Linn.: A Folklore Ayurvedic Medicinal Plant in Sri Lanka

“…Medicinal plants are a great alternative to finding new treatments and developing novel antimicrobials to combat many diseases [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Mirabilis jalapa (Sinhala name: Hendirikka), is commonly called the Marvel of Peru or Four-oclock plant (refer to Figs.…”