Anti-Obesity Effect of Extract from Nelumbo Nucifera L., Morus Alba L., and Raphanus Sativus Mixture in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and C57BL/6J Obese Mice

Abstract

The antioxidant and anti-adipogenic activities of a mixture of Nelumbo nucifera L., Morus alba L., and Raphanus sativus were investigated and their anti-obesity activities were established in vitro and in vivo. Among the 26 different mixtures of extraction solvent and mixture ratios, ethanol extract mixture no. 1 (EM01) showed the highest antioxidant (α,α-Diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl, total phenolic contents) and anti-adipogenic (Oil-Red O staining) activities. EM01 inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes compared to quercetin-3-O-glucuronide. Furthermore, body, liver, and adipose tissue weights decreased in the high-fat diet (HFD)-EM01 group compared to in the high-fat diet control group (HFD-CTL). EM01 lowered blood glucose levels elevated by the HFD. Lipid profiles were improved following EM01 treatment. Serum adiponectin significantly increased, while leptin, insulin growth factor-1, non-esterified fatty acid, and glucose significantly decreased in the HFD-EM01 group. Adipogenesis and lipogenesis-related genes were suppressed, while fat oxidation-related genes increased following EM01 administration. Thus, EM01 may be a natural anti-obesity agent.

Anti-Obesity Attributes; UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-Based Metabolite Profiling and Molecular Docking Insights of Taraxacum officinale

“…The AST and ALT were reported to be transferred to plasma due to obesity operated oxidative damage to tissues [68]. Another study reported that AST and ALT were toxicity indicators and phytochemicals present in various plants reduced their plasma concentrations by improving liver and kidney functions [69]. The antioxidant role of phytochemicals is of pivotal nature which not only reduced obesity by improvising multiple site oriented metabolic processes, but also normalized the organ's function.…”

The Effect of Sacred Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) and Its Mixtures on Phenolic Profiles, Antioxidant Activities, and Inhibitions of the Key Enzymes Relevant to Alzheimer’s Disease

“…This aquatic plant is consumed as food and has wide-ranging uses as a folk medicine [ 2 ]. Various parts of the sacred lotus including leaves, flowers, stamens, embryos, and rhizomes were previously reported to promote health benefits [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. These medicinal applications are the results of high health-promoting compounds, such as phenolic acids and flavonoids [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”

A Combination of Korean Red Ginseng Extract and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Extract Enhances Their Individual Anti-Obesity Properties in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and C57BL/6J Obese Mice

“…After that, the regular medium (10% FBS and 1% P/S) was refreshed every 2 days until the 8th day. 23…”

“…Cells were seeded at a density of 5 • 10 4 cells/well along with extracts (0-300 lg/mL) for 24 h. MTT reagent was added to the medium and incubated for 2 h. The medium was emptied, and the formazan salt was redissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; Sigma-Aldrich), gauged utilizing an ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectrometer (Multiskan FC; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) at 570 nm. 23 Oil Red O staining assay Cells were seeded at a density of 5 • 10 4 cells/well and induced to differentiate along with extracts (100 lg/mL). These mature adipocytes were washed with phosphate buffered saline (Lonza, Walkersville, MD, USA) and secured in 4% paraformaldehyde at room temperature for 1 h. After rinsing the secured cells with 60% isopropanol, they were stained with Oil Red O (Sigma-Aldrich) solution (0.35% Oil red O dye in 60% isopropanol) for 20 min and then washed with distilled water.…”