Anti-inflammatory Property of AMP-activated Protein Kinase

Abstract

Background: One of the many debated topics in inflammation research is whether this scenario is really an accelerated form of human wound healing and immunityboosting or a push towards autoimmune diseases. The answer requires a better understanding of the normal inflammatory process, including the molecular pathology underlying the possible outcomes. Exciting recent investigations regarding severe human inflammatory disorders and autoimmune conditions have implicated molecular changes that are also linked to normal immunity, such as triggering factors, switching on and off, the influence of other diseases and faulty stem cell homeostasis, in disease progression and development. Methods: We gathered around and collected recent online researches on immunity, inflammation, inflammatory disorders and AMPK. We basically searched PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar to assemble the studies which were published since 2010. Results: Our findings suggested that inflammation and related disorders are on the verge and interfere in the treatment of other diseases. AMPK serves as a key component that prevents various kinds of inflammatory signaling. In addition, our table and hypothetical figures may open a new door in inflammation research, which could be a greater therapeutic target for controlling diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance and preventing autoimmune diseases. Conclusion: The relationship between immunity and inflammation becomes easily apparent. Yet, the essence of inflammation turns out to be so startling that the theory may not be instantly established and many possible arguments are raised for its clearance. However, this study might be able to reveal some possible approaches where AMPK can reduce or prevent inflammatory disorders.

The inhibitory effect of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on chemokine and prostaglandin production in human endometrial stromal cells

“…In addition, IL-1-induced COX-2 protein expression levels were accordingly abolished by AICAR in these cells. It was shown that AICAR inhibits TNF-α and IL-1β-induced nuclear factor (NF)-κB reporter gene expression dose-dependently in immune cells [ 11 , 12 , 19 , 20 ] and iNOS and COX-2 expression in stimulated macrophages [ 10 ]. It was also reported that activation of AMPK diminished the secretion of IL-8 by LPS in bovine endometrium [ 21 ].…”

“…This is the same mechanism that we observed in ESCs, suggesting that AMPK activation may inhibit cytokine-induced NF-κB activation by suppressing IκB activity. Moreover, PGE2 production is reduced by AMPK activation [ 20 ].…”

Role of carotenoids in adipose tissue through the AMPK-mediated pathway

“…54 On the other hand, AMPK activation may attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation. 55 AMPK is a cellular energy sensor. It is activated to conserve ATP levels and regulate metabolic energy balance, involving glucose uptake and mitochondrial biogenesis.…”

Rosmarinic Acid Protects Mice from Concanavalin A-Induced Hepatic Injury through AMPK Signaling

“…Hence, AMPK serves as a key component in the immunodeficiency disorders. 45) A variety of natural resources and synthetic molecules can enhance AMPK activation.…”