Anthropomorphic Breast Measurement: Protocol and Results in 50 Women with Aesthetically Perfect Breasts and Clinical Application

Westreich, Melvyn

doi:10.1097/00006534-199708000-00032

Cited by 234 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

118

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The origins of physical anthropometry can be found on reports of the travels of Marco Polo (1273-1295), in which Direct anthropometry allows the quantification of differences in the breast using predetermined reference points for linear and angular measurements, for example, with the use of a ruler, tape measure, protractor and calipers [11][12][13][14][15] . Direct measurements in the thoracic region may be of relative accuracy due to the contour of the body (i.e., curves, prominences and depressions) and movements of the thoracic wall during breathing, which may vary in the same individual at different moments 7,14 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Direct measurements in the thoracic region may be of relative accuracy due to the contour of the body (i.e., curves, prominences and depressions) and movements of the thoracic wall during breathing, which may vary in the same individual at different moments 7,14 . In order to minimize the effects of breathing, Agbenorku et al 18 proposed the use the lowest value of two successive measurements taken with a tape measure in the breast region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Image analysis software versus direct anthropometry for breast measurements

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PURPOSE:To compare breast measurements performed using the software packages ImageTool METHODS:Points were marked on the breasts and arms of 40 volunteer women aged between 18 and 60 years. When connecting the points, seven linear segments and one angular measurement on each half of the body, and one medial segment common to both body halves were defined. The volunteers were photographed in a standardized manner. Photogrammetric measurements were performed by three independent observers using the three software packages and compared to direct anthropometric measurements made with calipers and a protractor. RESULTS:Measurements obtained with AutoCAD ® were the most reproducible and those made with ImageTool ® were the most similar to direct anthropometry, while measurements with Adobe Photoshop ® showed the largest differences. Except for angular measurements, significant differences were found between measurements of line segments made using the three software packages and those obtained by direct anthropometry. CONCLUSION:

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Image analysis software versus direct anthropometry for breast measurements

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Em nossas pacientes a média das medidas "A" e "B" foi 9,25 cm e 5,37 cm respectivamente, sendo que para as quais utilizaram-se incisões separadas, foi de 2,62 cm e 1,46 cm para os valores "A" (p<0,0001) e "B" (p<0,0004) respectivamente. As medidas "A" e "B" isoladamente parecem ter portanto uma correlação direta na avaliação estética objetiva e subjetiva melhor do que o conjunto das medidas aplicadas por Westreich 1 . Este autor analisou a forma, o volume, a posição relativa da mama em relação ao tronco e à mama contralateral, o grau de ptose e a projeção mamária, porém com a preocupação de evidenciar as medidas significantes em relação à proporcionalidade entre a mama e biotipo corporal.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Utilizando o escore de avaliação estética proposto por Westreich 1 , a morfometria classificou os resultados como excelentes em 17 casos (85%), como bons em dois casos (10%) e apenas um caso (5%) como ruim, o que é comparável aos resultados encontrados pela avaliação subjetiva das pró-prias pacientes, conforme Tabela 2.…”

Section: Em Razão De Infarto Agudo Do Miocárdio (Iam) Os Casos Que Aunclassified

Análise dos Resultados Estéticos da Cirurgia Conservadora para Câncer de Mama

Spina¹,

Marana²,

Andrade³

et al. 2000

Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Key anatomic landmarks on the breast were chosen and used as reference points [2,15,27]. The scanner was positioned in front of the patient.…”

Section: Perioperative Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Laser Imaging as a Valuable Tool for Specifying Changes in Breast Shape After Augmentation Mammaplasty

2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Three-dimensional (3D) terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is a valuable method for measuring shapes of objects and for obtaining quantitative measurements. These qualities of the 3D laser scanner have proved to be useful in reconstructive breast surgery. This study investigated various 3D parameters to obtain an optimal objective visualization of the breast after cosmetic augmentation mammaplasty. Methods The objects are represented in a point cloud, which comprises millions of x, y, and z coordinates representing a virtual image. The quantification of 3D points shows changes in height (z coordinate) at any chosen point on the augmented breast (x and y coordinates). To give visual feedback on the change in dimensions, a color elevation scheme was applied on the reconstructed surface of the breast. As a quantifying description, a sagittal B-spline was chosen in a plane through the nipple to obtain the breast shape via the lateral profile. Results Pre-and postoperative clear images were obtained. The color elevation model showed an increased projection and upper pole fullness after augmentation. The B-spline showed the gain in projection in a sagittal plane through the nipple. Conclusions Three-dimensional TLS is capable of objectifying changes in shape after augmentation mammaplasty. This imaging technique represents superior visualization of the breast shape and can serve as a valuable tool to determine the changing dimensions of the breasts after augmentation mammaplasty. Keywords 3D Terrestrial laser scanning Á Augmentation mammaplastyIn recent years, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has become a standard tool in three-dimensional (3D) shape measuring for a wide variety of objects including construction works, industrial plants, forestry, and buildings [1,3,10,23]. With TLS, it is possible to measure millions of 3D points in a few seconds and to create highly detailed and accurate computer models of a shape. It is a rapidly developing application for obtaining the shape, contour, size, and volume of objects.The medical field also may benefit from advances in 3D imaging [5,8,12,21]. In plastic surgery, 3D modeling offers unique opportunities in reconstructive breast surgery [9], providing visual and quantitative assessment of reconstructed breasts [9,11]. Until recently, no techniques were available to objectify the change in the breasts after cosmetic breast implant surgery.In our study, we performed intraoperative 3D laser imaging before and directly after implantation to assess the contour, shape, and volume changes of the breast after implantation of silicone gel-filled breast prostheses.

show abstract

Anthropomorphic Breast Measurement: Protocol and Results in 50 Women with Aesthetically Perfect Breasts and Clinical Application

Cited by 234 publications

References 9 publications

Image analysis software versus direct anthropometry for breast measurements

Image analysis software versus direct anthropometry for breast measurements

Análise dos Resultados Estéticos da Cirurgia Conservadora para Câncer de Mama

Three-Dimensional Laser Imaging as a Valuable Tool for Specifying Changes in Breast Shape After Augmentation Mammaplasty

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About