Anterior regeneration in the hemichordate <i>Ptychodera flava</i>

Rychel, Amanda L.; Swalla, Billie J.

doi:10.1002/dvdy.21747

Cited by 43 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The close relationship of hemichordates and chordates suggests that a molecular characterization of regeneration in hemichordates might be very revealing. Enteropneusts have excellent regenerative capacities (Tweedell, 1961;Packard, 1968;Rychel and Swalla, 2008;Humphreys et al, 2010;, and impressive anterior and posterior regeneration has been reported in several ptychoderids (Rao, 1955;Rychel and Swalla, 2008;Humphreys et al, 2010) as well as reproduction by fission (Packard, 1968;.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evolutionary crossroads in developmental biology: hemichordates

Röttinger

Lowe

2012

Development

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Hemichordates are a deuterostome phylum, the sister group to echinoderms, and closely related to chordates. They have thus been used to gain insights into the origins of deuterostome and chordate body plans. Developmental studies of this group have a long and distinguished history. Recent improvements in animal husbandry, functional tool development and genomic resources have resulted in novel developmental data from several species in this group. In this Primer, we introduce representative hemichordate species with contrasting modes of development and summarize recent findings that are beginning to yield important insights into deuterostome developmental mechanisms.

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Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evolutionary crossroads in developmental biology: hemichordates

Röttinger

Lowe

2012

Development

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“…In contrast, among vertebrate models, studies have highlighted dedifferentiation of existing structures or the role of muscle satellite cells (3). Bridging the gap, ambulacrarian deuterostomes and urochordates show considerable regenerative capacity (1,(4)(5)(6) (Fig. 1A).…”

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confidence: 99%

Vertebrate-like regeneration in the invertebrate chordate amphioxus

Somorjai

Garcia‐Fernàndez

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

107

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An important question in biology is why some animals are able to regenerate, whereas others are not. The basal chordate amphioxus is uniquely positioned to address the evolution of regeneration. We report here the high regeneration potential of the European amphioxus Branchiostoma lanceolatum. Adults regenerate both anterior and posterior structures, including neural tube, notochord, fin, and muscle. Development of a classifier based on tail regeneration profiles predicts the assignment of young and old adults to their own class with >94% accuracy. The process involves loss of differentiated characteristics, formation of an msx-expressing blastema, and neurogenesis. Moreover, regeneration is linked to the activation of satellite-like Pax3/7 progenitor cells, the extent of which declines with size and age. Our results provide a framework for understanding the evolution and diversity of regeneration mechanisms in vertebrates.invertebrate chordate-vertebrate transition | stem cells | cephalochordate R egeneration, as an evolutionary trait, is distributed widely and nonuniformly across the Metazoa; it is also highly variable in quality and structural specificity. Recently, there has been a resurgence of interest in the evolutionary distribution and basis of regeneration (1). A question of general interest is why certain lineages have lost or reduced regenerative capacity relative to their regeneration-competent sister taxa. In particular, the properties of CNS regeneration in more basal vertebrates may shed light on the reasons for reduced capacity in mammals and birds (2). Despite the plethora of hypotheses that attempt to explain the evolutionary significance of regenerative ability, the unresolved central issue is whether the ability to regenerate is adaptive or simply a byproduct of selection on other metabolic or developmental processes.Studies across phyla indicate that there is broad conservation of the developmental signaling pathways involved in regeneration (3), but the signals that initiate regeneration on injury and the downstream targets that they induce have proven more elusive. Moreover, the historical distinction between invertebrate-and vertebrate-type regeneration can make comparisons difficult. In planaria and Hydra, for example, the contribution of pluripotent stem cells has been the predominant focus of regeneration research. In contrast, among vertebrate models, studies have highlighted dedifferentiation of existing structures or the role of muscle satellite cells (3). Bridging the gap, ambulacrarian deuterostomes and urochordates show considerable regenerative capacity (1, 4-6) (Fig. 1A). However, their anatomy is not readily comparable with the vertebrate body plan, making it difficult to draw conclusions from such derived phyla. The origins and evolution of chordate regeneration mechanisms are, therefore, still unresolved.The cephalochordate amphioxus, the most basal living chordate (7), possesses many ancestral anatomical characters, whereas many derived vertebrate features, such as bona fi...

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“…We observed body fragmentation by autotomy in G. hacksi, but did not identify subsequent morphogenesis. The regeneration is well described in ptychoderid acorn worms, mainly on the regeneration from a posterior piece to the anterior (Rychel and Swalla, 2008). Miyamoto and Saito (2010) showed that the trunk piece of B. simodensis could regenerate posterior parts, while Humphreys et al (2010) and Tweedell (1961) also documented the occurrence of posterior regeneration in Ptychodera flava and the harrimaniid acorn worm Saccoglossus kowalevskii, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%