Antennapedia and optix regulate metallic silver wing scale development and cell shape in Bicyclus anynana butterflies

Prakash, Anupama; Finet, Cédric; Banerjee, Tirtha Das; Saranathan, Vinodkumar; Monteiro, Antónia

doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111052

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…would affect the morphology and orientation of the scales [15,64]. An ultimate, adaptive hypothesis would be that retaining scales in transparent wing regions aids in generating structural colours [12], self-cleaning [65], aerodynamics [66] and thermoregulation [67].…”

Section: Retaining Scales In the Transparent Wing Windowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wing transparency evolved several times independently during the diversification of Lepidoptera from ancestors with opaque wings [4]. Lepidopteran wings are typically covered with chitinous scales that bear colour produced by pigments [10,11], photonic nanostructures [12] or a combination of both [13][14][15]. Beyond their role in coloration, wing scales also play a role in thermoregulation [16,17] and water repellence [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-scale dissection of wing transparency in the clearwing butterfly Phanus vitreus

Finet,

Ruan,

Bei

et al. 2023

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Optical transparency is rare in terrestrial organisms, and often originates through loss of pigmentation and reduction in scattering. The coloured wings of some butterflies and moths have repeatedly evolved transparency, offering examples of how they function optically and biologically. Because pigments are primarily localized in the scales that cover a colourless wing membrane, transparency has often evolved through the complete loss of scales or radical modification of their shape. Whereas bristle-like scales have been well documented in glasswing butterflies, other scale modifications resulting in transparency remain understudied. The butterfly Phanus vitreus achieves transparency while retaining its scales and exhibiting blue/cyan transparent zones. Here, we investigate the mechanism of wing transparency in P. vitreus by light microscopy, focused ion beam milling, microspectrophotometry and optical modelling. We show that transparency is achieved via loss of pigments and vertical orientation in normal paddle-like scales. These alterations are combined with an anti-reflective nipple array on portions of the wing membrane being more exposed to light. The blueish coloration of the P. vitreus transparent regions is due to the properties of the wing membrane, and local scale nanostructures. We show that scale retention in the transparent patches might be explained by these perpendicular scales having hydrophobic properties.

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Section: Retaining Scales In the Transparent Wing Windowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-scale dissection of wing transparency in the clearwing butterfly Phanus vitreus

Finet,

Ruan,

Bei

et al. 2023

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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“…Compared to beetles, the genetic basis of metallic color in butterflies has been extensively explored. Both protein-coding and regulatory genes are known to control different types of microstructures on butterfly scales, which cause color reflection with different metallic hues (18, 19). However, the mechanisms of structural color formation in beetles and butterflies are fundamentally different.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genomic landscape of metallic color variation in ground beetles

Weng,

Kavanaugh,

Rubio-Perez

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The metallic color variation of beetles is a spectacular feature that has inspired diverse human cultures. However, little is known about the genetic basis of this trait or its ecological importance. In this study, we characterize the geographical distribution, optical mechanism, genetic basis, and ecological and evolutionary importance of metallic color variation in theNebria ingenscomplex, an alpine ground beetle in the Sierra Nevada, California. We find that elytral color varies continuously across two allopatric species (from blackN. ingensto greenN. riversi), with hybrid populations showing intermediate coloration, and we demonstrate that the metallic color is generated from multilayer reflectors in the epicuticle of the elytra. By applying association mapping in natural populations (wild-GWAS) using high-density SNPs (1.2 million), we identify five promising candidate genes covarying with metallic variation, with known roles in cuticle formation and pigmentation pathways. Among these five genes, the geneyellow-like exhibits a heightened divergence pattern relative to the background genomic landscape and has been maintained despite gene flow. This finding, together with a significant correlation between color variation and water availability, suggests that metallic variation evolves as a local adaptation to environmental variation in theN. ingenscomplex.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, several pleiotropic factors, such as wnt1 ( 24 ), Apontic-like ( 25 ), clawless ( 26 ), abdominal-A ( 27 ), abdominal-B ( 28 ), engrailed ( 29 ), antennapedia ( 30 ), optix ( 31 ), bric à brac ( bab )( 32 ), and Distal-less ( Dll )( 33 ), play important roles in the regulation of color patterns. The molecular mechanism by which these factors participate in the regulation of body color patterns needs further study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The BTB-ZF geneBm-mamoregulates pigmentation in silkworm caterpillars

Tong

Peng

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Color pattern of insects is one of the most dazzling adaptive evolutionary phenotypes. However, the molecular regulation of this color pattern is not clear. In this paper, we found a transcription factor, Bm-mamo, is responsible for bd (black dilute) allele mutants in silkworm. It belongs to BTB zinc finger family, and is ortholog to mamo of Drosophila melanogaster, which It is found that this gene has conservative function in gamete production, and evolved a pleiotropic function in regulation of color patterns in caterpillar. We found that the Bm-mamo can comprehensively regulate the expression of related pigment synthesis and cuticular protein genes to form color patterns. This suggests that the deposition of pigment particles in caterpillars' epidermis requires not only the spatiotemporal expression of pigment synthesis genes, but also the correct expression of related cuticular protein genes. This study provides a new data for the setting of color patterns.

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Antennapedia and optix regulate metallic silver wing scale development and cell shape in Bicyclus anynana butterflies

Cited by 21 publications

References 48 publications

Multi-scale dissection of wing transparency in the clearwing butterfly Phanus vitreus

Multi-scale dissection of wing transparency in the clearwing butterfly Phanus vitreus

The genomic landscape of metallic color variation in ground beetles

The BTB-ZF geneBm-mamoregulates pigmentation in silkworm caterpillars

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