Anoxic environments and oil source bed genesis

Demaison, Gerard; Moore, George T.

doi:10.1016/0146-6380(80)90017-0

Cited by 831 publications

(566 citation statements)

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“…Attempts to link Corg enrichments in sediments to conditions of reduced oxygen content of bottom waters (e.g. DEMAISON and MOORE, 1980;EMERSON, 1985) have met with rebuttals demonstrating that Co~g oxidation rates and Corg burial efficiencies generally show no correlation with bottom water oxygen levels (e.g. HENRICHS and REEBURGH, 1987;JAHNKE, 1990;CALVERT and PEDERSEN, 1992;REIMERS et al, 1992).…”

Section: Supply Of Refractory Organic Carbon To Sediments At Other Mamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Principal candidates include bottom-water oxygen content, carbon flux and bulk sediment accumulation rate (e.g. DEMAISON and MOORE, 1980;EMERSON, 1985;HENRICHS and REEBURGH, 1987;EMERSON and HEDGES, 1988;PEDERSEN and CALVERT, 1990;BEJTS and HOLLAND, 1991;CALVERT and PEDERSEN, 1992). Attempts to link Corg enrichments in sediments to conditions of reduced oxygen content of bottom waters (e.g.…”

Section: Supply Of Refractory Organic Carbon To Sediments At Other Mamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon budget for the mid-slope depocenter of the Middle Atlantic Bight

Anderson

Rowe

Kemp

et al. 1994

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

170

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Abstract--A mass budget was constructed for organic carbon on the upper slope of the Middle Atlantic Bight, a region thought to serve as a depocenter for fine-grained material exported from the adjacent shelf. Various components of the budget are internally consistent, and observed differences can be attributed to natural spatial variability or to the different time scales over which measurements were made. The flux of organic carbon to the sediments in the core of the depocenter zone, at a water depth of -1000 nr, was measured with sediment traps to be -65 mg C m 2 day 1, of which 6-24 mg C m 2 day ~ is buried. Oxygen fluxes into the sediments, measured with incubation chambers attached to a free vehicle lander, correspond to total carbon remineralization rates of 49-70 mg C in 2 day-1. Carbon remineralization rates estimated from gradients of Corg within the mixed layer, and from gradients of dissolved ammonia and phosphate in pore waters, sum to only -4-6 mg C m -2 day i. Most of the Q,,.g remineralization in slope sediments is mediated by bacteria and takes place within a few mm of the sediment-water interface.Most of the Corg deposited on the upper slope sediments is supplied by lateral transport from other regions, but even if all of this material were derived from the adjacent shelf, it represents <2% of the mean annual shelf productivity. This value is further lowered by recognizing that as much as half of the C,,rg deposited on the slope is refractory, having originated by reworking from older deposits. Refractory Corg arrives at the sea bed with an average 14C age 600-9(10 years older than the pre-bomb 14C age of DIC in seawater, and has a mean life in the sediments with respect to biological remineralization of at least 1000 years. Labile carbon supplied to the slope, on the other hand, is rapidly and (virtually) completely remineralized, with a mean life of <-1 year. Carbon-14 ages of fine-grained carbonate and organic carbon present within the interstices of shelf sands are consistent with this material acting as a source for the old carbon supplied to the slope. Winnowing and export of reworked carbon may contribute to the often-described relationship between organic carbon preservation and accumulation rate of marine sediments.

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Section: Supply Of Refractory Organic Carbon To Sediments At Other Mamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Supply Of Refractory Organic Carbon To Sediments At Other Mamentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon budget for the mid-slope depocenter of the Middle Atlantic Bight

Anderson

Rowe

Kemp

et al. 1994

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

170

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“…These characteristics imply that Facies G was deposited in an estuarine central basin (Dalrymple et al 1992). The parallel-laminated siltstone beds without bioturbation also indicate the presence of stressed conditions for organic activity (Demaison and Moore, 1980), perhaps because of an anoxic sea floor. Facies H: Tidal Channel or Flood Tidal Delta Description: Facies H consists of coarse-grained and well to moderately sorted sandstone.…”

Section: Facies Description and Depositional Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 96%

High-resolution sequence stratigraphy in an incised-valley system on the basis of sedimentary organic matter, sulfur content and fossil diatom: An example from Miocene to Pliocene Tatsunokuchi Formation, Iwate Prefecture, Northeast Japan

Yoshida

Inoue

Hoyanagi

et al. 2011

Jour. Sed. Soc. Japan

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This paper discusses relationship among depositional environments, origin of the sedimentary organic matter and diatom fossil assemblage, combined with sequence stratigraphy in an incised-valley system. Interpretation of the environments and their changes was based on sedimentary facies, total sulfur (TS) content, and diatom assemblages. The quantity and composition of organic matter were estimated for the environmental interpretation on the basis of the total organic carbon (TOC) content, reflected-light fluorescent microscopy, and stable carbon isotope ratios of the organic matter (d 13 C org ). The Miocene to Pliocene Ishibane, Tatsunokuchi and Motohata formations in northeast Japan consist of estuarine and fluvial deposits that were formed during a rise and fall of sea level. The proportions of vitrinite and cutinite that are coarse-grained and terrestrial in origin are relatively high in fluvial deposits of the lowstand systems tract. The proportion of marine alginite, TOC content, and d 13 C org values increase upward in estuary deposits of the transgressive systems tract. This implies the increase in the influence of the sea and the estuarine bottom conditions becoming anoxic. The proportions of vitrinite and cutinite increase upward in the highstand systems tract, whereas the d 13 C org values and TOC content decrease upward. These reflect the strong influence of river discharge. Variations of diatom fossil assemblage of fresh water, brackish water, intertidal, coastal marine and open marine species indicate the same repetitions of transgression and regression in the Tatsunokuchi Formation. Therefore, the transgressive systems tract in the Tatsunokuchi Formation includes four cycles of transgression and regression, while highstand systems tract shows one cycle of transgression and regression.

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“…Conditions favorable for deposition and preservation of organic carbon-rich sediments include high surface-water productivity, oxygen-deficient or anoxic bottom waters, rapid burial, or high influxes of terrigenous organic matter (Demaison and Moore, 1980). The C-N-S data obtained on board the ship and the sedimentological observations may provide information regarding the relative importance of each of these variables.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Site 799

1990

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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Comments: a Drilling in this hole was conducted during two visits (see text).Ingle, J. C, Jr., Suyehiro, K., von Breymann, M. T., et al., 1990. Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 128: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program).2 Shipboard Scientific Party is as given in list of participants preceding the contents. Core recovery (%): 106 HOLE 799CDate Oldest sediment cored:Depth (mbsf): 252.5 Nature: diatom clayey mixed sedimentComments: This was a "dedicated" hole to test the sonic core monitor.Principal results: Our objectives at Site 799, located in the KitaYamato Trough were (1) to determine the depositional and tectonic history of the trough as a sedimented failed-rift environment thought to be ideal or typical for the occurrence of volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits of the Kuroko or perhaps shale-hosted type and (2) to obtain information about the paleoceanographic history of the Yamato Rise area and the Sea of Japan as a whole.Results at Site 799 are summarized below, and a stratigraphic summary is presented in Figure 1. 1. Before drilling, seismic estimates of the thickness of sediment in the Kita-Yamato Trough indicated up to 1300 m of Miocene to Holocene sediments might be present in the axis of this narrow graben structure. Drilling in the trough, we penetrated 1084 m of lower Miocene through Holocene sediments before an increase in hydrocarbon gases and a fluorescent cut forced us to stop drilling. Post-drilling vertical seismic profile (VSP) analysis indicated that acoustic basement was present about 120 m below the base of Hole 799B (1084 mbsf T.D.), indicating a total sediment thickness of about 1200 m.2. The sedimentary column at Site 799 can be divided into five lithologic units that correspond to variations in composition and depositional style and major post-depositional diagenetic changes. Benthic foraminifers indicate that the entire sediment column at Site 799 was deposited at lower to middle bathyal water depths that were approximately equivalent to the presentday water depth at this site (2084 m). Coarse turbidite sands mark early Miocene deposition in the trough area and indicate close proximity to an insular or continental littoral area and associated terrestrial environments. Middle and upper Miocene intervals are dominated by siliceous claystones, porcellanites, and biosiliceous sediments that include common authigenic carbonate layers and nodules, indicating high surface productivity of both siliceous and calcareous plankton during this period. organic matter indicate episodic deposition under low-oxygen bottom-water masses. Lower Pliocene sediments are rich in diatoms, with higher amounts of fine-grained terrigenous sediment appearing in late Pliocene through Pleistocene time, accompanied by slump deposits, redeposited foraminiferal sands, and volcanic ashes. There are hints of a causal relationship between the appearance of the slump deposits and the occurrence of volcanic ashes.3. The opal-A/opal-CT transition occurs at about 435 mbsf and forms a major lithologic and geochemical bound...

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Anoxic environments and oil source bed genesis

Cited by 831 publications

References 21 publications

Carbon budget for the mid-slope depocenter of the Middle Atlantic Bight

Carbon budget for the mid-slope depocenter of the Middle Atlantic Bight

High-resolution sequence stratigraphy in an incised-valley system on the basis of sedimentary organic matter, sulfur content and fossil diatom: An example from Miocene to Pliocene Tatsunokuchi Formation, Iwate Prefecture, Northeast Japan

Site 799

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