Anosmia and dysgeusia associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: an age-matched case–control study

Carignan, Alex; Valiquette, Louis; Grenier, Cynthia; Musonera, Jean Berchmans; Nkengurutse, Delphin; Marcil-Héguy, Anaïs; Vettese, Kim; Marcoux, Dominique; Valiquette, Corinne; Xiong, Wei; Fortier, Pierre Hughes; Généreux, Mélissa; Pépin, Jacques

doi:10.1503/cmaj.200869

Cited by 88 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The authors concluded that dysgeusia is frequently reported in patients consulting from COVID-19. Other authors also showed similar results [96][97][98][99]. It is still unknown the mechanism by which gustatory dysfunction takes place, but according to Printza et al (2020), SARS-CoV-2 may enter into tongue taste cells via the ACE-2 receptor, which not only is present in pulmonary tissue but also in taste organs (at least in mice) [100].…”

Section: Protein-energy Malnutritionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Key Aspects in Nutritional Management of COVID-19 Patients

Fernández‐Quintela

Milton-Laskíbar

Trepiana

et al. 2020

JCM

120

114

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This review deals with the relationship among nutrition, the immune system, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The influence of nutrients and bioactive molecules present in foodstuffs on immune system activity, the influence of COVID-19 on the nutritional status of the patients, and the dietary recommendations for hospitalized patients are addressed. Deficient nutritional status is probably due to anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hypoalbuminemia, hypermetabolism, and excessive nitrogen loss. There is limited knowledge regarding the nutritional support during hospital stay of COVID-19 patients. However, nutritional therapy appears as first-line treatment and should be implemented into standard practice. Optimal intake of all nutrients, mainly those playing crucial roles in immune system, should be assured through a diverse and well-balanced diet. Nevertheless, in order to reduce the risk and consequences of infections, the intakes for some micronutrients may exceed the recommended dietary allowances since infections and other stressors can reduce micronutrient status. In the case of critically ill patients, recently published guidelines are available for their nutritional management. Further, several natural bioactive compounds interact with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, the gateway for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Natural bioactive compounds can also reduce the inflammatory response induced by SARS-CoV-2. These compounds are potential beneficial tools in the nutritional management of COVID-19 patients.

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Section: Protein-energy Malnutritionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Key Aspects in Nutritional Management of COVID-19 Patients

Fernández‐Quintela

Milton-Laskíbar

Trepiana

et al. 2020

JCM

120

114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A total of 11074 COVID-19 patients (mean age 46.7±10.4 years and males 46.9%) were included in the final analysis ( table 1 ). 2 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 The overall prevalence of “loss of smell” in COVID-19 patients was 52.0% (CI: 42.5%-61.6%, I 2 =99.4%) ( Figure 2 ). A total of 21 studies compared these symptoms in COVID-19 patients (n=2196) and controls (n=3425).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of 21 studies compared these symptoms in COVID-19 patients (n=2196) and controls (n=3425). 13 , 14 , 18 , 19 , 21 , 25 , 27 , 28 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 39 , 40 , 45 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 59 , 60 , 62 “Loss of smell” was associated significantly more in the COVID-19 group compared to non-COVID-19 group (OR: 14.7, CI: 8.9–24.3, p<0.001, I 2 =83.2%) ( Figure 3 ). Among COVID-19 patients, the odds of patients with severe disease and “loss of smell” were significantly low when compared to patients with severe disease and without “loss of smell” (OR: 0.36, CI 0.27–0.48, p <0.01, I 2 =27.4% ( Figure 4 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of “Loss of Smell” to COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Aziz

Goyal

Haghbin

et al. 2021

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences

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Background The presence of olfactory dysfunction or “loss of smell” has been reported as an atypical symptom in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature to evaluate the prevalence of “loss of smell” in COVID-19 as well as its utility for prognosticating the disease severity. Methods An exhaustive search of the PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, LitCovid NIH, and WHO COVID-19 database was conducted through August 6 th , 2020. All studies reporting the prevalence of “loss of smell” (anosmia and/or hyposmia/microsmia) in laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients were included. Pooled prevalence for cases (positive COVID-19 through reverse transcriptase (RT-PCR) and/or serology IgG/IgM) and controls (negative RT-PCR and/or serology) was compared, and the odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI) and the p-value were calculated. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 51 studies with 11074 confirmed COVID-19 patients were included. Of these, 21 studies used a control group with 3425 patients. The symptom of “loss of smell” (OR: 14.7, CI: 8.9–24.3) was significantly higher in the COVID-19 group when compared to the control group. Seven studies comparing severe COVID-19 patients with- and without “loss of smell” demonstrated favorable prognosis for patients with “loss of smell” (OR: 0.36, CI 0.27–0.48). Conclusion Olfactory dysfunction or “loss of smell” is a prevalent symptom in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, COVID-19 patients with “loss of smell” appear to have a milder course of the disease.

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“…Olfactory ability was assessed by: using validated questionnaires focused on smell dysfunction, in three studies; obtaining objective information on smell impairment through standardised chemosensitive tests with odorants, in five studies; and considering both methods, in five studies (Table 3). 18,20,[24][25][26]29,32,34,37,[40][41][42][43][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59] The remaining studies assessed olfactory ability through anamnestic data collection, simple surveys and/or structured, non-validated questionnaires (Table 4). 2,16,17,19,[21][22][23]27,28,30,31,33,35,36,38,39,[44][45][46]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory disorders in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: a systematic literature review

et al. 2020

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Objective Recent scientific literature has widely described a possible major role of smell dysfunction as a specific symptom of coronavirus disease 2019. This systematic review may provide a more holistic approach to current knowledge of the disease. Methods A systematic review was completed using Embase, PubMed and Web of Science databases that considered original articles focused on olfactory evaluation in coronavirus disease 2019 patients, published between March and May 2020, in English language. Results From the 483 research papers initially identified, 32 original studies were selected, comprising a total of 17 306 subjects with a laboratory confirmed diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019. Individual study sample sizes ranged from 6 to 6452 patients. This comprehensive analysis confirmed that olfactory disorders represent an important clinical feature in coronavirus disease 2019, with a prevalence of 11–100 per cent in included patients, although there was heterogeneity in terms of assessment tools and population selection criteria. Conclusion The results indicate that an accurate clinical evaluation should be carried out using structured questionnaires and tests with olfactory substances.

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Anosmia and dysgeusia associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: an age-matched case–control study

Cited by 88 publications

References 22 publications

Key Aspects in Nutritional Management of COVID-19 Patients

Key Aspects in Nutritional Management of COVID-19 Patients

The Association of “Loss of Smell” to COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Olfactory disorders in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: a systematic literature review

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