Anopheline species, some of their habits and relation to malaria in endemic areas of Rondônia State, Amazon region of Brazil

Abstract

In view of recent studies incriminating several species of anophelines, besides Anopheles darlingi, as malaria vectors in the Brazilian Amazon, we performed an anopheline survey in four localities - Ariquemes, Cujubim, Machadinho and Itapoã do Oeste - in Rondônia, the most malarious State in the Country. Twenty species were found. An. darlingi was, by far, the dominant species and the only one whose density coincided with that of malaria. On human baits it was more numerous in the immediate vincinity of houses than indoors whre, however, it was almost the only species encountered. On both situations it fed mostly at sunset and during the first half of the night. It was less numerous far from houses and scarce inside the forest. Other species (An. triannulatus, An. evansae, An. albitarsis, An. strodei) appeared in appreciable numbers only in Ariquemes, both in areas with and without malaria. The remaining species were scanty. An. darlingi was confirmed as the primary local vector.

Studies on entomological monitoring: mosquito species frequency in riverine habitats of the Igarapava Dam, Southern Region, Brazil

“…darlingi was much more abundant in anthropic environments. Although their study was made in a short period they confirmed the vector synanthropy of previous surveys made in the North Region 13,17,18,33 . Anopheles albitarsis s.l.…”

Anopheles darlingi bionomics and transmission of Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium malariae in Amerindian villages of the Upper-Maroni Amazonian forest, French Guiana

“…Indeed, intensive use of insecticides on the inside walls of houses to control An. darlingi is known to cause behavioural changes from endophagy/endophily to exophagy/exophily in the Amazonian basin (Giglioli et al 1956, Lourenco-de-Oliveira et al 1989. Because resting and biting behaviours are of considerable importance in terms of vector control implementation, more research is needed concerning this question in the Maroni valley, where it is difficult to assert whether An.…”

“…Great differences in biting activity patterns have been reported throughout the An. darlingi geographic distribution, from very pronounced crepuscular to almost exclusively nocturnal activity (Forattini 1987, Lourenco-de-Oliveira et al 1989, da Silva-Vasconcelos et al 2002, Moreno et al 2007). In the coastal areas of French Guiana, Pajot et al (1977) showed that An.…”

Sitios de cría y actividad de picadura de especies de anopheles en el municipio de Cimitarra, Santander, Colombia.

“…Se han documentado diferentes patrones de picadura para esta especie. Una población se caracteriza por tener hábitos exofílicos, pica al hombre hacia la puesta del sol, entre las 18:00 y 19:00 horas, y puede actuar como vector auxiliar a nivel regional (20,24); otra es zoofílica, crepuscular y peridomiciliar (25,26), y una tercera pica al hombre dentro de las casas, tarde en la noche, y actúa como vector primario de malaria (27,28 (26,29,30). En Cimitarra, esta especie se encontró bien adaptada a criaderos permanentes hechos por el hombre y ubicados cerca de las viviendas, totalmente expuestos al sol, con vegetación circundante y emergente, los cuales constituyeron el 81% de los criaderos inspeccionados.…”