Animal Models In Pressure Ulcer Research

Salcido, Richard; Popescu, Adrian; Ahn, Chulhyun

doi:10.1080/10790268.2007.11753921

Cited by 78 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Deep Skin Ulcer and Change in Wound Surface Area Although various techniques for the creation of pressure ulcer animal models have been reported, [33][34][35] induction of the models is not necessarily easy; therefore, in this study, the deep skin ulcer was created by removing the full skin and subsequent freezing of the defective injury.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Evaluation of Kumazasa Extract and Chitosan Films Containing the Extract against Deep Skin Ulcer Model in Rats

Hirose

Onishi

Sasatsu

et al. 2007

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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In the modern era of the aging society, the number of bedridden elderly patients is increasing gradually, and many of them are troubled by pressure ulcers (decubitus ulcers), which are often serious, resulting in refractory skin ulcers. 1,2) Various dosage forms have been developed to treat skin ulcers such as pressure ulcers. [3][4][5][6] We also prepared a patch with a tamarind gum-sucrose hydrogel containing silver sulfadiazine, and demonstrated that the formulation displayed a better effect than Geben ® cream. 7,8) Generally, a pressure ulcer goes through the stages of an period of infection and necrosis, an agglutination period, and a proliferation period of granulation and epidermis in that order until cure. To each stage, many formulations, including ointments, creams, films and dressings, have been developed. [9][10][11][12][13][14] Ointments containing minocycline, which exhibited controlled release, were reported recently because minocycline is highly effective against pressure ulcer bacteria.15) Many formulations applied to pressure ulcers possess an antibacterial function 6,7,11,12,14,15) or potential to enhance the proliferation of granulation or epidermis. 4,[16][17][18] Namely, substances with such abilities and high safety can be candidates as agents for the treatment of pressure ulcers.We focused on the liquid obtained by hydrothermal extraction of Sasa veitchii (CARR.), named Kumazasa extract (KE), because the extract has been reported to exhibit various biological functions such as antibacterial action, anti-ulcer property, cell repair function and anti-tumor action. [19][20][21][22][23] It was reported that the active ingredients associated with antiinflammatory, anti-ulcer and anti-tumor functions might be polysaccharides, which are the major components of KE. 23,24) In this study, a deep skin ulcer model was induced by skin removal and subsequent frostbite as a pressure ulcer-like model in rats, 8) and used in the in vivo studies. For the formulations, chitosan (CS) was adopted as the polymer support for solid components in KE, named EXT, because CS has been found useful to protect other types of wound, 25,26) probably due to its antibacterial, immune-enhancing function etc.27-31) Naturally dried and freeze-dried chitosan films containing KE were developed as different types of dosage forms. The film types of formulations are considered to be excellent for usability. In the present studies, KE alone, the films and other clinically used formulations were examined for in vivo efficacy using the deep skin ulcer model, and histological analyses were performed for some formulations. MATERIALS AND METHODS MaterialsLiquid obtained by hydrothermal extraction of Sasa veitchii (CARR.), named Kumazasa extract (KE), which was composed of water (50%, w/w) and residual components, named EXT (50%, w/w), was supplied by Hoshi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Japan). Chitosan 1000 (deacetylation degree of 80%; viscosity grade 1200 cP at 0.5% at 20°C) was purchased from Wako Pure Chemicals Industries, Ltd., and use...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Evaluation of Kumazasa Extract and Chitosan Films Containing the Extract against Deep Skin Ulcer Model in Rats

Hirose

Onishi

Sasatsu

et al. 2007

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…Numerous animal models have been established in this research field17,20 for investigating various theories on etiological factors of PU formation, observing wound formation and healing, and assessing treatment modalities. Great progress has been achieved on PU animal research during the last 2 decades and precious knowledge has been acquired from these animal models, which has fostered the advances in recent PU basic research and clinical practice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many animal PU models have been developed to test different hypotheses in this field17,20 on several species, such as rat, dog, mouse, and pig. Although it is generally agreed that the pig is the ideal species for PU and wound healing research because of its fixed skin structure and cutaneous blood supply are similar to that in humans26, the most commonly used animals in PU research are rats and mice possibly due to their easy handling and relatively low cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep tissue injury rat model for pressure ulcer research on spinal cord injury

Lin

Pandya

Cichowski

et al. 2010

Journal of Tissue Viability

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Many rat/mouse pressure ulcer (PU) models have been developed to test different hypotheses to gain deeper understanding of various causative risk factors, the progress of PUs, and assessing effectiveness of potential treatment modalities. The recently emphasized deep tissue injury (DTI) mechanisms for PU formation has received increased attention and several studies reported findings on newly developed DTI animal models. However, concerns exist for the clinical relevance and validity of these models, especially when the majority of the reported rat PU/DTI models were not built upon SCI animals and many of the DTI research did not simulate well the clinical observation. In this study, we propose a rat PU and DTI model which is more clinically relevant by including chronic SCI condition into the rat PU model and to simulate the role of bony prominence in DTI formation by using an implant on the bone-tissue interface. Histological data and imaging findings confirmed that the condition of chronic SCI had significant effect on pressure-induced tissue injury in a rat PU model and the including a simulated bony prominence in rat DTI model resulted in significantly greater injury in deep muscle tissue. Further integration of the SCI condition and the simulated bony prominence would result a rat PU/DTI model which can simulate even more accurately the clinical phenomenon and yield research more clinically relevant findings.

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“…Together with the previous in vitro findings (11,36), our results substantiated the potential role of apoptosis in deep tissue injury and have elaborated the corresponding apoptotic signaling pathways. In regard to the cellular death in pressure ulcer, it has been suggested that apoptosis may come before necrosis in the development of pressure ulceration although the topic of muscle apoptosis has not been systematically explored in pressure ulcer (26,35). Apoptosis is regulated by specific apoptotic factors that coordinate the sequential apoptotic events.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%