Animal Model Approaches to Understanding the Neurobiology of Suicidal Behavior

Romay-Tallón, Raquel; Pinna, Graziano

doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-2083-0_6

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…41 Animal models that recapitulate affective-like symptoms to altered neurosteroid biosynthesis include the single prolonged stress, 48 which is a well-established model of PTSD; the olfactory bulbectomized rat, which is a widely used model of depression 49,50 ; and the socially isolated mouse or rat that models depressive-like behavior in association with deficits in fear extinction and fear extinction retention, 21,51 which are hallmarks of PTSD neurobiology, 52 and aggressiveness and impulsivity, which are well accepted predictors of suicidality. [53][54][55] These animal models of affective-like behavior also manifest several other neurobiological dysfunctions that range from altered expression and signaling of brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) to enhancement of proinflammatory signal cascade.…”

Section: Role Of Neurosteroids and Ethanolamides In The Pathophysiolo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers and treatments for mood disorders encompassing the neurosteroid and endocannabinoid systems

Pinna

2023

J Neuroendocrinology

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Mood disorders, including major depressive disorder, postpartum depression, post‐traumatic stress disorder and suicidality are highly prevalent, associated with a significant economic burden, and remain poorly diagnosed and poorly treated psychiatric conditions. In part, this may result from the lack of biomarkers that can guide precision medicine with individualized treatments for millions of individuals who suffer these debilitating conditions worldwide. While several biomarker candidates have been proposed for mood disorders, none has been implemented in clinical practice and the treatment still relies in the prescription of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors that shows mixed efficacy and significant side effects. Both neurosteroid biosynthesis and the endocannabinoid system have recently provided evidence for pharmacological targets to improve mood symptoms and the neuroactive steroid allopregnanolone has recently been approved by the USA Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of post‐partum depression. Clinical studies also show efficacy for the management of major depression and more studies are being conducted to study efficacy in post‐traumatic stress disorder. Likewise, the endocannabinoid‐like modulator, N‐palmioyl ethanolamide (PEA) has shown efficacy in the treatment of major depression and bipolar disorder. While these new agents are coming forward in the field of neuropsychopharmacology as a new generation of fast‐acting antidepressants, the hypothesis of whether their deficits underlying mood disorders could constitute valid predictive biomarkers to facilitate diagnosis and treatment of these conditions is under consideration.

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