Animal health beyond the single disease approach – A role for veterinary herd health management in low-income countries?

Gertzell, Elin; Magnusson, Ulf; Ikwap, Kokas; Dione, Michel M.; Lindström, Lisa; Eliasson-Selling, Lena; Jacobson, Magdalena

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.03.021

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The mean ADG of pigs reported in this study compares to that in other studies in East Africa in similar settings. In Uganda, a study reported that the ADG of nursery pigs fed on forage-based diet was 160 gr/day (43), while another recent study in Lira district reported 101 gr/day (14). In Western Kenya, (25) reported ADG of 130 gr/pig/day, while in Tanzania, Lipendele and colleagues reported ADG of 136 gr/pig/day (44).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The disease burden is higher in developing countries due to poor biosecurity practices and poor nutrition, suggesting the extent of possible economic losses may be considerable (12)(13)(14). In Uganda, despite existence of opportunities for improving livelihoods (15, 16), the pig sector faces many constraints among which are endemic diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Economic losses associated with respiratory and helminth infections in domestic pigs in Lira district, Northern Uganda

Oba

Dione²,

Mwiine

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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This study sought to quantify direct economic losses due to respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI) helminth infections in domestic pigs in Uganda. In a longitudinal study design with repeated measures, farm visits were made at 2 month intervals from October 2018 to September 2019. Weaner and grower pigs (n = 288) aged 2–6 months from 94 farms were sampled. The pigs were monitored for growth and screened for exposure to four important respiratory pathogens: porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) using ELISA tests. Farm management practices were recorded and used to generate management level scores. Treatment expenses incurred were recorded throughout the study. A mixed effects model was fitted to quantify effects of respiratory and helminth infections on average daily weight gains (ADGs), with farm and pig as random effects. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine differences in mean treatment costs by farm management standard. Financial losses were estimated from average carcass dressing percentage, ADG reductions during fattening (200 days). Results showed a grower pig in a given farm exposed to PRRSv and Ascaris spp. had significantly lower ADG by 17.10 gr/day and 16.80 grams/day respectively, compared to a similar unexposed pig (p < 0.05). Mean treatment costs per pig declined significantly with increase in management standard scores (MSS), from USD 1.13 per pig in MSS 1 (poor management) farms to USD 0.95 for MSS 3 (better management) farms (p < 0.05). We show that monetary losses due to PRRSv and Ascaris spp. infection amounted to USD 6.6 ± 2.7 and 6.50 ± 3.2 (Mean ± SEM) per pig, respectively during 200 days of fattening. This study strengthens evidence that improving management practices to reduce infections mitigates economic losses. To guide interventions, further studies are required to unravel the full extent of indirect economic losses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic losses associated with respiratory and helminth infections in domestic pigs in Lira district, Northern Uganda

Oba

Dione²,

Mwiine

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

Self Cite

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“…With these visits, veterinarians are able to see the farm’s routine and, with a SWOT analysis approach, identify strengths and risk factors [ 169 ]. The ultimate goals of VHHM programs are to promote animal health, increase productivity/yield (with reduction in production costs), and disease prevention, with the recognizing and respecting of animal welfare, food safety, public health, and environmental sustainability [ 90 , 166 , 170 ].…”

Section: Veterinary Herd Health Management and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical Evolution of Cattle Management and Herd Health of Dairy Farms in OECD Countries

Medeiros

Fernández-Novo

Astiz³

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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This work aimed to review the important aspects of the dairy industry evolution at herd level, interrelating production with health management systems. Since the beginning of the industrialization of the dairy cattle sector (1950s), driven by the need to feed the rapidly growing urban areas, this industry has experienced several improvements, evolving in management and technology. These changes have been felt above all in the terms of milking, rearing, nutrition, reproductive management, and design of facilities. Shortage of labor, emphasis on increasing farm efficiency, and quality of life of the farmers were the driving factors for these changes. To achieve it, in many areas of the world, pasture production has been abandoned, moving to indoor production, which allows for greater nutritional and reproductive control of the animals. To keep pace with this paradigm in milk production, animal health management has also been improved. Prevention and biosecurity have become essential to control and prevent pathologies that cause great economic losses. As such, veterinary herd health management programs were created, allowing the management of health of the herd as a whole, through the common work of veterinarians and farmers. These programs address the farms holistically, from breeding to nutrition, from prevention to consultancy. In addition, farmers are now faced with a consumer more concerned on animal production, valuing certified products that respect animal health and welfare, as well as environmental sustainability.

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“…The outbreak and the spread of the epidemic will inevitably cause the death or culling of sick pigs, resulting in a huge gap between the supply of pigs and the demand for pork, which has poor elasticity, and a sharp decline in the number of sows and piglets, causing a slow recovery of pig supply capacity [ 19 ]. When a major epidemic occurs, the cost of preventing the spread of the epidemic continues to increase, which seriously restricts the pig supply and the operation efficiency of the industrial chain of small breeding entities in the epidemic area [ 20 , 21 ]. In addition, due to the superposition of the restrictions on pig transportation policies and epidemic prevention and controlling policies, the recovery speed and quality of pig supply will slow down.…”

Section: Microscopic Mechanism Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Threshold Effect of Swine Epidemics on the Pig Supply in China

Jia

Sun

et al. 2022

Animals

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The pig industry is the pillar industry of animal husbandry in China, and epidemics can lead to drastic changes in pig supply, affecting the healthy development of the pig industry and residents’ quality of life. This study analyzed the mechanism of the effect of swine epidemics on nonlinear shocks to pig supply, and monthly data on pig supply from January 2012 to June 2020 were applied to study the threshold effect of swine epidemics on pig stock and slaughter in China empirically, using the index of swine epidemics’ width (ISEW) as the threshold variable. The results of this study were as follows: (1) The influence of the ISEW over 7 months on pig stock in China was divided into two ranges, and the pig stock did not change significantly when the ISEW was less than 0.25. Swine epidemics had a significantly negative impact on the pig stock when the ISEW was larger than 0.25. (2) The influence of the ISEW over 8 months on pig slaughter was also divided into two ranges. When the ISEW was less than 0.33, epidemics had a positive and significant effect on pig slaughter, while epidemics had a marked negative impact on pig slaughter when the ISEW was greater than 0.33. Based on these conclusions, this study proposed relevant measures for the prevention and control of swine epidemics.

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Animal health beyond the single disease approach – A role for veterinary herd health management in low-income countries?

Cited by 8 publications

References 44 publications

Economic losses associated with respiratory and helminth infections in domestic pigs in Lira district, Northern Uganda

Economic losses associated with respiratory and helminth infections in domestic pigs in Lira district, Northern Uganda

Historical Evolution of Cattle Management and Herd Health of Dairy Farms in OECD Countries

The Threshold Effect of Swine Epidemics on the Pig Supply in China

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