Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene polymorphism in patients with laryngeal cancer

Abstract

SUMMARY Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the distribution of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) I/D polymorphism between patients with laryngeal cancer (LC) and a control group and to examine the distribution of this polymorphism with clinical parameters related to LC. Methods We enrolled 44 LC patients and 61 healthy controls. The ACE I/D polymorphism was genotyped with the PCR-RFLP method. The distribution of ACE genotypes (II, ID, and DD) and alleles (I or D) was evaluated with Pearson’s chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis was performed for statistically significant parameters. Results There was no significant difference in ACE genotypes and alleles between LC patients and controls (p = 0.079 and p = 0.068, respectively). Among clinical parameters related to LC (extension of tumour, node metastasis, tumour stage and tumour location), only the presence of node metastasis was found to be significant in terms of ACE DD genotype (p = 0.137, p = 0.031, p = 0.147, p = 0.321 respectively). In the logistic regression analysis, the ACE DD genotype was increased 8.3 fold in nodal metastases. Conclusions The findings of the study suggest that ACE genotypes and alleles do not affect the prevalence of LC, but the DD genotype of ACE polymorphism may increase the risk of lymph node metastasis in LC patients.

Contribution of Endothelial Dysfunction to Cancer Susceptibility and Progression: A Comprehensive Narrative Review on the Genetic Risk Component

“…Additionally, the ID genotype is also suggested to exert a protective role against BC [114]. The D allele presence is associated with an increased risk of uterine leiomyoma [115]; gall bladder carcinoma (GBC) [116], and glioma [117], while the homozygous D genotype is associated with increased susceptibility to glioma development and low overall survival [118,119]; renal cell carcinoma (RCC) [120]; BLCA [121]; basal cell carcinoma (BCC) [122][123][124]; poor leukaemia survival rates [125]; lymph nodes metastasis in laryngeal cancer (LaC) [126]; pituitary adenomas development and progression [127]; and EMCA [128]. Regarding cancer patients' prognosis, while a direct impact is not described, the ACE ID genotype was associated with higher haemoglobin levels and overall lower fat mass and muscle strength in patients at advanced stages compared to the II genotype [129].…”