Angioarchitecture of the Ciliary Artery Circulation of the Posterior Pole

Functional end-arterial circulation of the choroid assessed by using fat embolism and electric circuit simulation

“…These findings can be explained as the segments supplied by the PCA do not have anastomosis with each other, but may have anastomosis within each segment. Our model proposes that the choroidal circulation is functionally end-arterial not only in physiologic conditions but also in pathologic conditions, and may explain the results from the present and previous studies 15 , 25 – 27 without disparity.

Figure 5 A functional end-arterial model of the choroidal circulation.

…”

“…Both angiographic studies in triolein embolism and electric circuit simulation demonstrated results corresponding to the occlusion of a PCV or its branches. However, a discrepancy remained because anastomosis among the choroidal arterioles was depicted in postmortem studies 25 , 26 . Autonomic regulation in vivo 12 or development of quick collaterals 11 has been suggested as an explanation for the discrepancy.…”

Functional end-arterial circulation of the choroid assessed by using fat embolism and electric circuit simulation

“…These findings can be explained as the segments supplied by the PCA do not have anastomosis with each other, but may have anastomosis within each segment. Our model proposes that the choroidal circulation is functionally end-arterial not only in physiologic conditions but also in pathologic conditions, and may explain the results from the present and previous studies 15 , 25 – 27 without disparity.

Figure 5 A functional end-arterial model of the choroidal circulation.

…”

“…Both angiographic studies in triolein embolism and electric circuit simulation demonstrated results corresponding to the occlusion of a PCV or its branches. However, a discrepancy remained because anastomosis among the choroidal arterioles was depicted in postmortem studies 25 , 26 . Autonomic regulation in vivo 12 or development of quick collaterals 11 has been suggested as an explanation for the discrepancy.…”

Functional end‐arterial circulation of the choroid assessed by using fat embolism and electric circuit simulation

“…These findings can be explained as the segments supplied by the PCA do not have anastomosis with each other, but may have anastomosis within each segment. Our model proposes that the choroidal circulation is functionally end-arterial not only in physiologic conditions but also in pathologic conditions, and may explain the results from the present and previous studies 15,[25][26][27] without disparity. One of the limitations of our study was that the large choroidal vasculature was not visualized directly using angiography or postmortem cast study.…”

“…However, a discrepancy remained because anastomosis among the choroidal arterioles was depicted in postmortem studies 25,26 . Autonomic regulation in vivo 12 or development of quick collaterals 11 has been suggested as an explanation for the discrepancy.…”

Effects of Topical Phenylephrine and Tafluprost on Optic Nerve Head Circulation in Monkeys with Unilateral Experimental Glaucoma

“…41,42 However, only monkeys have an ONH anatomic structure and vascular system similar to those in human eyes. 43 Although high IOP alone causes glaucomatous changes in experimental glaucoma, various lines of investigations noted similarities between experimental glaucomatous monkey eyes and human glaucomatous eyes. Alterations in the morphologic appearance or extracellular matrix of the ONH, 44 apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells, 45 retinal nerve fiber layer defects, 46 neuron loss in lateral geniculate nucleus, 47,48 and histochemical changes in cortical neurons 49,50 have also been found in experimental glaucomatous monkey eyes.…”

Functional end-arterial circulation of the choroid assessed by using fat embolism and electric circuit simulation

“…These findings can be explained as the segments supplied by the PCA do not have anastomosis with each other, but may have anastomosis within each segment. Our model proposes that the choroidal circulation is functionally end-arterial not only in physiologic conditions but also in pathologic conditions, and may explain the results from the present and previous studies 15 , 25 – 27 without disparity.

Figure 5 A functional end-arterial model of the choroidal circulation.

…”

“…Both angiographic studies in triolein embolism and electric circuit simulation demonstrated results corresponding to the occlusion of a PCV or its branches. However, a discrepancy remained because anastomosis among the choroidal arterioles was depicted in postmortem studies 25 , 26 . Autonomic regulation in vivo 12 or development of quick collaterals 11 has been suggested as an explanation for the discrepancy.…”

Functional end‐arterial circulation of the choroid assessed by using fat embolism and electric circuit simulation

“…These findings can be explained as the segments supplied by the PCA do not have anastomosis with each other, but may have anastomosis within each segment. Our model proposes that the choroidal circulation is functionally end-arterial not only in physiologic conditions but also in pathologic conditions, and may explain the results from the present and previous studies 15,[25][26][27] without disparity. One of the limitations of our study was that the large choroidal vasculature was not visualized directly using angiography or postmortem cast study.…”

“…However, a discrepancy remained because anastomosis among the choroidal arterioles was depicted in postmortem studies 25,26 . Autonomic regulation in vivo 12 or development of quick collaterals 11 has been suggested as an explanation for the discrepancy.…”

Effects of Topical Phenylephrine and Tafluprost on Optic Nerve Head Circulation in Monkeys with Unilateral Experimental Glaucoma

“…41,42 However, only monkeys have an ONH anatomic structure and vascular system similar to those in human eyes. 43 Although high IOP alone causes glaucomatous changes in experimental glaucoma, various lines of investigations noted similarities between experimental glaucomatous monkey eyes and human glaucomatous eyes. Alterations in the morphologic appearance or extracellular matrix of the ONH, 44 apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells, 45 retinal nerve fiber layer defects, 46 neuron loss in lateral geniculate nucleus, 47,48 and histochemical changes in cortical neurons 49,50 have also been found in experimental glaucomatous monkey eyes.…”

Functional end-arterial circulation of the choroid assessed by using fat embolism and electric circuit simulation

“…These findings can be explained as the segments supplied by the PCA do not have anastomosis with each other, but may have anastomosis within each segment. Our model proposes that the choroidal circulation is functionally end-arterial not only in physiologic conditions but also in pathologic conditions, and may explain the results from the present and previous studies 15 , 25 – 27 without disparity.

Figure 5 A functional end-arterial model of the choroidal circulation.

…”

“…Both angiographic studies in triolein embolism and electric circuit simulation demonstrated results corresponding to the occlusion of a PCV or its branches. However, a discrepancy remained because anastomosis among the choroidal arterioles was depicted in postmortem studies 25 , 26 . Autonomic regulation in vivo 12 or development of quick collaterals 11 has been suggested as an explanation for the discrepancy.…”

Functional end‐arterial circulation of the choroid assessed by using fat embolism and electric circuit simulation

“…These findings can be explained as the segments supplied by the PCA do not have anastomosis with each other, but may have anastomosis within each segment. Our model proposes that the choroidal circulation is functionally end-arterial not only in physiologic conditions but also in pathologic conditions, and may explain the results from the present and previous studies 15,[25][26][27] without disparity. One of the limitations of our study was that the large choroidal vasculature was not visualized directly using angiography or postmortem cast study.…”

“…However, a discrepancy remained because anastomosis among the choroidal arterioles was depicted in postmortem studies 25,26 . Autonomic regulation in vivo 12 or development of quick collaterals 11 has been suggested as an explanation for the discrepancy.…”

Effects of Topical Phenylephrine and Tafluprost on Optic Nerve Head Circulation in Monkeys with Unilateral Experimental Glaucoma

“…41,42 However, only monkeys have an ONH anatomic structure and vascular system similar to those in human eyes. 43 Although high IOP alone causes glaucomatous changes in experimental glaucoma, various lines of investigations noted similarities between experimental glaucomatous monkey eyes and human glaucomatous eyes. Alterations in the morphologic appearance or extracellular matrix of the ONH, 44 apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells, 45 retinal nerve fiber layer defects, 46 neuron loss in lateral geniculate nucleus, 47,48 and histochemical changes in cortical neurons 49,50 have also been found in experimental glaucomatous monkey eyes.…”