Anesthetic Action of Inert and Unreactive Gases on Intact Animals and Isolated Tissues

Carpenter, F. G.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1954.178.3.505

Cited by 48 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…At present,no evidence is available to relate these possibilities to either survival or the extent of lung injury. Speculatively, effects on nerve tissue [8,21,33] would have direct conse quences on ventilation through the neuromuscular apparatus [46]. Once again, the behavior of the mixtures with SF6 pose special problems in this regard ( fig.…”

Section: Systemic Influences O F Noble Gasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Pulmonary Toxicity of Oxygen II.

Shanklin¹,

Lester²

1972

Neonatology

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Section: Systemic Influences O F Noble Gasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Pulmonary Toxicity of Oxygen II.

Shanklin¹,

Lester²

1972

Neonatology

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“…The result obtained in the experiment of breathing with argon mixture is associated with disorders in the respiratory mechanics resulting from the high density of this mixture. In our study, the Ar/02 mixture at 4 atm was 6.61 times denser than air, and it appears that in a long-term physical activity it would lead to respiratory failure [5,7,21,22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…The relationship between the physical properties of such gases and effects of their biological activity are recognised [7,20,21,22]. Based on the results of this study it appears that within the applied pressure range /up to 4 atm/, the narcotic effects and toxicity of the mixtures used were not revealed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The same author, as well as other researchers [5,6] recognise the use of an exhaustive swimming test as purposeful in studies of the environmental impact on animal organisms as the spread of swimming times of animals of similar weight and at a particular temperature is minor [4,6,7,8]. Therefore, an interpretation of this type of studies may be used to formulate application trends allowing to draw conclusions regarding the response of the human body to a given breathing mix, without the need to expose it to the consequences of undertaking maximum effort in adverse conditions of a high pressure, humidity and low temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Breathing Mixtures on Physical Capacity of Rats in Hyperbaric Conditions

Doboszyński¹,

Łokucijewski²,

Siermontowski³

et al. 2017

Polish Hyperbaric Research

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The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of composition of various breathing mixes on physical capacity of rats swimming in hyperbaric conditions. The said effect was determined on the basis of results of a swim test performed in a pressure chamber. The study was performed with the use of atmospheric air, a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen (N2/02) at a ratio of 89.5/10 and 92/7.5, as well as a mixture of argon and oxygen at a ratio of 79.5/20 (Ar/02). The tests were conducted at a pressure range between 0-4 atm. The results suggest that the physical capacity of the tested animals decreased along with pressure increase regardless of the breathing mix used. Due to the fact that the burdening of rats with physical effort in hyperbaric conditions intensifies the adverse effects of components of breathing mixes on their performance, it seems appropriate to continue the study of physiological responses to breathing mixtures of various compositions in human body subjected to physical effort while under water.

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“…Whatever the mechanism, it will be essential in attempts to establish a unifying hypothesis not only to determine how cell membranes, mitochondria, and metabolic processes are affected, but also to fully define differential actions on the various components (cell and axons) involved in transmission in the central nervous system. There is substantial evidence that the most vulnerable site for depression of transmission in 308 M. E. MORRIS neuronal pathways by anaesthetics is at the synapse (Larrabee & Posternak, 1952;Carpenter, 1954;Chalazonitis, 1967; Somjen, 1967; Richards, 1972Richards, , 1973Richards, Russell & Smaje, 1975;Richards & White, 1975). In some studies it has been concluded that this action is at the post-synaptic membrane (Brooks & Eccles, 1947;Shapovolov, 1963; Sato, Austin & Yai, 1967; Barker, 1975a, b), while a presynaptic locus has been implicated in others (L0yning, Oshima & Yokota, 1964;Matthews & Quilliam, 1964;Weakly, 1969;Seeman, 1972;Staiman & Seeman, 1974).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facilitation of synaptic transmission by general anaesthetics.

Morris¹

1978

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The actions of five structurally different intravenous and inhalation anaesthetics (alphaxalone/alphadolone, halothane, ketamine, methohexitone, and pentobarbitone) have been studied on synaptic transmission through the cuneate nucleus of the dorsal column-lemniscal afferent pathway in the decerebrate cat.2. Synaptic input and output were estimated from antidromic and orthodromic potentials, which were evoked by either afferent volleys from the periphery or micro-electrode excitation of the presynaptic fibre terminals in the cuneate and recorded at forelimb nerves and the medial lemniscus.3. Each of the anaesthetic agents potentiated the efficiency of synaptic transmission, as shown by the elevation of input-output curves constructed from the integrals of the potentials evoked by varying intensities of either peripheral or cuneate stimulation.4. The excitability of the afferent terminals, as measured at the peripheral nerves by the antidromic responses to micro-electrode stimulation, was depressed by the anaesthetics. Post-synaptic excitability, which was assessed from the direct lemniscal response to intra-nuclear stimulation, did not appear to change.5. Hypotensive states (mean arterial levels < 60 torr) produced depolarization of presynaptic terminals and depression of synaptic efficiency and transmission; these changes opposed the primary effects of the general anaesthetics.6. It is concluded that anaesthetics do not depress activity at all synapses of the central nervous system. Their facilitatory action on cuneate transmission is attributed to an enhanced release of excitatory transmitter; the underlying mechanism may be hyperpolarization of the primary afferent terminals, secondary to an increase in K+ conductance.

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Anesthetic Action of Inert and Unreactive Gases on Intact Animals and Isolated Tissues

Cited by 48 publications

References 0 publications

On the Pulmonary Toxicity of Oxygen II.

On the Pulmonary Toxicity of Oxygen II.

The Effect of Breathing Mixtures on Physical Capacity of Rats in Hyperbaric Conditions

Facilitation of synaptic transmission by general anaesthetics.

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