Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery
 1975
DOI: 10.1001/archotol.1975.00780360018004
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Anesthesia of the Ear by Iontophoresis of Lidocaine

D. F. Echols1,
Charles H. Norris2,
Harold G. Tabb3
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Cited by 36 publications

(9 citation statements)
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“…Similar conclusions about the value of adrenaline had been reached by Rahm et al (1962) who felt that it protected the cochlea from the harmful effects of a solution of 1% lignocaine placed on the round window membrane of cats. Echols et al (1975) confirmed that lignocaine in the middle ear could be iontophoresed for at least thirty minutes at 1 mA without any effect on the cochlear microphonic or compound eighth nerve action potential. They found a 4% lignocaine solution to be safe and were unable to demonstrate a protective role for adrenaline.…”
Section: Pharmacologymentioning
confidence: 55%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
“…Similar conclusions about the value of adrenaline had been reached by Rahm et al (1962) who felt that it protected the cochlea from the harmful effects of a solution of 1% lignocaine placed on the round window membrane of cats. Echols et al (1975) confirmed that lignocaine in the middle ear could be iontophoresed for at least thirty minutes at 1 mA without any effect on the cochlear microphonic or compound eighth nerve action potential. They found a 4% lignocaine solution to be safe and were unable to demonstrate a protective role for adrenaline.…”
Section: Pharmacologymentioning
confidence: 55%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
“…Numerous reports from the 1970s to 1980s described otic iontophoresis using different technologies and drug formations (30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46). This body of work provided important preliminary data on safety (cochlear responses and side effects) of iontophoretic administration of lidocaine and epinephrine to the tympanic membrane, however none reported on systemic exposure resulting from iontophoretic drug delivery.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
“…The delivery of drugs transdermally through iontophoresis is a technology that was described as early as 1975. 11 Iontophoretic delivery refers to the creation of an external electrical current from positive and negative terminals in which the intra-and extracellular ions that are present in the dermis complete an electrical loop. Through this mechanism, positively charged, ionizable drug is actively transported in a nonsaturable manner.…”
Section: Iontophoretic Drug Deliverymentioning
confidence: 99%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
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