Androgen action on human skin – from basic research to clinical significance

Zouboulis, Christos C.; Degitz, Klaus

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2004.00255.x

Cited by 158 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…(6,7,20,24,51,70,(72)(73)(74)(85)(86)(87)(88)(89)(90)(91)(92)(93)(94)(95). These studies indicate that human hair follicles are also peripheral endocrine mini-organs that are both a source (including a metabolizing source) and a target of multiple neuro-steroido-hormones (4,74,91,(95)(96)(97)(98). This endocrine capacity resides in the main cell populations of the hair follicle (keratinocytes, melanocytes and fibroblasts).…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 97%

Corticotropin releasing hormone and the skin

Słomiński¹

2006

Front Biosci

139

228

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Cotricotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and related peptides are produced in skin that is dependent on species and anatomical location. Local peptide production is regulated by ultraviolet radiation (UVR), glucocorticoids and phase of the hair cycle. The skin also expresses the corresponding receptors (CRH-R1 and CRH-R2), with CRH-R1 being the major receptor in humans. CRH-R1 is expressed in epidermal and dermal compartments, and CRH-R2 predominantly in dermal structures. The gene coding for CRH-R1 generates multiple isoforms through a process modulated by UVR, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. The phenotypic effects of CRH in human skin cells are largely mediated by CRH-R1alpha through increases in concentrations of cAMP, inositol triphosphate (IP 3 ), or Ca 2+ with subsequent activation of protein kinases A (PKA) and C (PKC) dependent pathways. CRH also modulates the activity of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells (NF-kappaB), activator protein 1 (AP-1) and cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB). The cellular functions affected by CRH depend on cell type and nutritional status and include modulation of differentiation program(s), proliferation, viability and immune activity. The accumulated evidence indicates that cutaneous CRH is also a component of a local structure organized similarly to the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. KeywordsHuman Skin; Hormone; Corticotropin; CRH; CRH-R1; CRH-R2; Urocortin; Review INTRODUCTIONCRH is the central trigger of HPA axis, and together with related peptides urocortin I-III also regulate behavioral, autonomic, endocrine, reproductive, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, metabolic and immune systemic functions (1-11). Other actions include local immunomodulatory (predominantly proinflammatory) effects (12)(13)(14), differing from a central immunosuppressive activity (through the HPA axis) (3). Of note, locally produced CRH can directly regulate steroid hormone production by adrenals and gonads (1,2). Furthermore, CRH in the immune cells can induce production and release of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) derived adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and beta-endorphin peptides. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptFront Biosci. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2007 April 2. Published in final edited form as:Front Biosci. ; 11: 2230-2248. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptIn vertebrates these peptides interact with membrane-bound CRH-R1 and CRH-R2 (1,2). Both receptor types belong to the group II subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). CRH-R1 binds CRH and urocortin I with high affinity; it does not bind urocortin II (strescopin related protein). CRH-R2 shows preferential affinity for urocortin II, although it also binds CRH, however, with lower affinity than CRH-R1. Signal transduction through CRH-Rs is coupled to the activation of adenylate cyclase (AC), phospholipase C (PLC) and calcium channels (1, 2,5,6). ALTERNATIVELY SPLICED CRH-RS ISOFORMS: AN OVER...

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Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 97%

Corticotropin releasing hormone and the skin

Słomiński¹

2006

Front Biosci

139

228

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“…Additionally, it was reported that an elevation in the PGF-β level leads to granulation tissue formation [7]. The role of hormonal factors in wound healing during the prepubertal period and post-pubertal period has also been investigated [8]. Androgens are known to play a role in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways, both on a systemic level and cellular level [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is the ideal age of circumcision for wound healing time?

Aykaç¹,

Yapici²,

Baran³

et al. 2016

Eur Res J

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Objective. Circumcision is practiced worldwide. Currently, the effect of age at the time of circumcision on wound healing is not fully known. This study aimed to determine the effect of age at the time of circumcision on wound healing. Methods. The study included 382 male patients aged ≤16 years that were circumcised between January 2014 and December 2014. Data for 345 patients that were followed-up regularly were evaluated retrospectively. Circumcision was performed using a bipolar diathermic knife. Circumcision wounds were considered healed when the 2 suture lines were observed to be completely apposed. Wound healing time was analyzed according to age at the time of circumcision. Results. Mean age of the patients was 7.2 years (range; 6 days-16 years). Mean duration of surgery was 327.5 sec and mean healing time was 4.3 days. The patients were classified according to age as group 1 (0-2 years; n=114; 32.9%), group 2 (3-6 years; n=60; 17.3%), and group 3 (7-16 years; n=171; 49.8%). Mean duration of surgery in groups 1-3 were 280.9 sec, 320.2 sec and 356.5 sec; respectively, and healing times were 4.1, 4.2 and 4.5 days; respectively. Healing time was significantly longer in group 3 than in groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in healing time between groups 1 and 2 (p>0.05). Conclusion. Wound healing time was shorter in the patients aged 0-6 years than in those aged 7-16 years.Eur Res J 2016;2(3):206-210

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“…피지샘의 피지세포는 squalenes, wax ester, cholesterol ester를 함유하는 피지(sebum lipids)를 분비함으로써 [42] 지 질층을 형성하여 유해화학약품, UV, 미생물로부터 피부를 보호하고 [33], Vitamin E를 분비하여 산화손상 [35]을 막고 palmitoleic acid [39] 및 defensin, cationic protein을 분비 [26], histone H2A와 H2B, 다른 cationic protein 등을 분비하 여 [5] 항박테리아 기능을 한다. 또한 피지세포는 국소 내분비 세포의 기능과 glycoconjugates를 함유하고 있다 [43].…”

Section: 서 론unclassified

Lectin Histochemistry on the Effects of Smoking on Glycoconjugates of Rat Sebaceous Glands

Jo¹,

Jeong²

2008

Journal of Life Science

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-We studied the effects of smoking, which is one of indoor-environmental pollutants and related to various cancers, on glycoconjugates of rat sebaceous glands with the lectin histochemistry. To investigate the effects of smoking on glycoconjugates, male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to tabacco smoke for 10 minutes per day in an inhalation chamber for 1, 2, 3, and 5 days with active and passive exposure. For the structure of sebaceous glands we used PAS reaction, and for the glycoconjugates binding pattern 9 biotinylated lectins (DBA, SBA, PNA, BSL-1, WGA, RCA-1, UEA-1, Con A, and LCA) were used. Some remarkable changes, such as the decrease in the size of sebaceous glandular acini, the destruction of upper portion of sebaceous glands, vacuolation of central portion of sebocytes, and the immature sebaceous glandular acini were seen in the smoke-exposed rats. In the control rats, basal cells were stained with BSL-1, PNA and WGA, but the stronger reaction was founded in BSL-1 binding. Also, sebocytes were stained with PNA, WGA, Con A, BSL-1 and SBA, but stronger reactions were founded in PNA and Con A stainings. Specific changes in the lectin binding patterns were also observed in the smoke-exposed rats. In the basal cells of exposed rats, PNA binding increased, BSL-1 decreased but returned to control level, and WGA disappeared. Plus, immature glandular acini, which were not found in the control rats, were stained PNA, Con A and BSL-1, but the stronger reaction were founded in PNA and Con A binding. In conclusion, it was assumed that the tabacco smoke seriously effected on the structure and glycoconjugates metabolism of sebaceous glands.

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Androgen action on human skin – from basic research to clinical significance

Cited by 158 publications

References 50 publications

Corticotropin releasing hormone and the skin

Corticotropin releasing hormone and the skin

What is the ideal age of circumcision for wound healing time?

Lectin Histochemistry on the Effects of Smoking on Glycoconjugates of Rat Sebaceous Glands

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