Ancylostoma caninum and Other Canine Hookworms

Hawdon, John M.; Wise, Kira A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-53230-7_9

Cited by 21 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 265 publications

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“…infections often cause diarrhea and sometimes more severe symptoms, such as bloody stool, vomiting, fever, and weight loss [ 49 , 50 ]. Finally, Ancylostoma caninum infections vary from asymptomatic cases to fatal cases of exsanguination and anemia [ 51 ]. As for prevalence, D .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the free-roaming dog population and gastrointestinal parasite diversity in Tulúm, México

Lyons

Malhotra²,

Thompson³

2022

PLoS ONE

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Free-roaming domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) pose major conservation and public health risks worldwide. To better understand the threat of domestic dogs to wildlife and people and add to the growing literature on free-roaming dog ecology, a study was conducted to estimate the dog population in Tulúm, México. A modified mark-recapture technique and program MARK were used to obtain dog population estimates along six different transects dividing the city. Population estimates ranged from 19.75 dogs in one transect to 101.841 dogs in another, with 150 total dogs identified throughout the study and an estimated minimum population density of 48.57 dogs/km2. Fecal samples were also opportunistically collected for parasite identification through fecal flotation analysis using the McMaster technique. Out of 25 samples collected, 19 tested positive for gastrointestinal parasites with the most common species found being Ancylostoma caninum, followed by Toxocara canis, Dipylidium caninum, and Cystoisospora spp. Parasite loads ranged from 50 to 10,700 ova per gram of feces. The large population of free-roaming dogs and the prevalence of three zoonotic parasites highlight the importance of understanding free-roaming dog ecology and educating the public on the health risks free-roaming dogs pose. Los perros callejeros (Canis lupus familiaris) representan un gran riesgo para la conservación de animales y la salud pública mundialmente. Para comprender mejor la amenaza que significan los perros domésticos para la fauna silvestre y los humanos y aportar a la creciente bibliografía sobre la ecología de los perros callejeros, se realizó una investigación para estimar la población de los perros en Tulúm, México. Se utilizó una técnica modificada de marcado y recaptura junto con el programa MARK para estimar la población canina en seis transectos de la ciudad. Los estimados varían desde 19.75 perros en un transecto hasta 101,841 en otro, con un total de 150 perros identificados en el transcurso de la investigación y una densidad mínima estimada de 48,57 perros/km2. Además, se hizo una recolección oportunista de muestras de heces para la identificación de parásitos por medio del análisis de flotacíon fecal, con el método McMaster. De las 25 muestras recolectadas, 19 resultaron positivas para parásitos gastrointestinales, de las cuales las especies más comunes fueron Ancylostomoa caninum, seguida por Toxocara canis, Dipylidium caninum, y Cystoisospora spp. Las cargas parasitarias variaron desde 50 hasta 10.700 óvulos por gramo de heces. La alta población de perros callejeros y la prevalencia de tres enfermedades zoonóticas resaltan la importancia de entender la ecología de los perros callejeros y educar al público sobre los riesgos que significan los perros callejeros para la salud.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the free-roaming dog population and gastrointestinal parasite diversity in Tulúm, México

Lyons

Malhotra²,

Thompson³

2022

PLoS ONE

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“…The hookworm Ancylostoma caninum has a worldwide distribution, and is one of the most common nematodes in wild and domestic canids (Hawdon & Wise, 2021). Susceptible hosts acquire the infection by consuming contaminated soil, faeces, grass or water with the third-stage larvae of A. caninum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Susceptible hosts acquire the infection by consuming contaminated soil, faeces, grass or water with the third-stage larvae of A. caninum. Less frequently, hosts become infected with A. caninum when infective third-stage larvae penetrate their skin or by consuming paratenic hosts, such as rodents (Hawdon & Wise, 2021). Transmammary transmission of A. caninum, either during the spreading of third-stage larvae following an acute infection or after reactivation of arrested larvae in late gestation, has also been reported (Burke & Roberson, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transmammary transmission of A. caninum, either during the spreading of third-stage larvae following an acute infection or after reactivation of arrested larvae in late gestation, has also been reported (Burke & Roberson, 1985). In canids, A. caninum causes chronic intestinal blood loss that can result in anaemia, which may be responsible for severe clinical signs and increased death rate in puppies, depending on the number of larvae transmitted (Krämer et al, 2009;Hawdon & Wise, 2021). Besides the veterinary importance, A. caninum can also infect humans causing cutaneous larva migrans, a self-limited skin disease characterized by erythematous and itchy tracks (Hawdon & Wise, 2021) and enteric infections with eosinophilic enteritis (Jung et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In canids, A. caninum causes chronic intestinal blood loss that can result in anaemia, which may be responsible for severe clinical signs and increased death rate in puppies, depending on the number of larvae transmitted (Krämer et al, 2009;Hawdon & Wise, 2021). Besides the veterinary importance, A. caninum can also infect humans causing cutaneous larva migrans, a self-limited skin disease characterized by erythematous and itchy tracks (Hawdon & Wise, 2021) and enteric infections with eosinophilic enteritis (Jung et al, 2020). The gray fox Urocyon cinereoargenteus is a medium-sized canid that ranges from southern Canada throughout North America and Central America to northern Venezuela and Colombia (Sillero-Zubiri et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of Ancylostoma caninum from a gray fox Urocyon cinereoargenteus in southeastern Mexico

et al. 2022

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Summary The hookworm Ancylostoma caninum is a common nematode of wild and domestic canids worldwide. In Mexico, there are few records of helminths in wild canids, especially in the southeastern region. The aim of the present study was to examine the helminths from a gray fox Urocyon cinereoargenteus in southeastern Mexico. A road-killed female gray fox found in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico, was examined for helminths. Only nematodes were found in the intestine of the gray fox and identified using morphological studies and molecular analysis of 28S rRNA gene fragments. The characteristics exhibited by the nematode specimens were in accordance with descriptions of A. caninum: e. g. oral opening with a pair of prominent chitinous plates bearing three pairs of ventral teeth, lateral rays with a common trunk, dorsal ray divided into two branches with each branch terminating in three digitations. BLAST analysis of the 28S sequence showed similarity and coverage values of 99.8 % and 100 %, respectively, with a sequence of A. caninum from the domestic dog Canis familiaris in Australia. The genetic distance between the Australian specimen and the Yucatan specimen of A. caninum was 0.1 %, that is, they were only different in a single nucleotide. The gray fox examined in this study was found close to a rural community where A. caninum has been recorded from domestic dogs, which could be the source of infection. Our study increases the distribution of this nematode parasitizing the gray fox in Mexico and provides the first nucleotide sequence of A. caninum from the gray fox.

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Immunity mediates host specificity in the human hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum

Langeland,

McKean,

O'Halloran

et al. 2023

Parasitology

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Hookworm infection affects millions globally, leading to chronic conditions like malnutrition and anaemia. Among the hookworm species, Ancylostoma ceylanicum stands out as a generalist, capable of infecting various hosts, including humans, cats, dogs and hamsters. Surprisingly, it cannot establish in mice, despite their close phylogenetic relationship to hamsters. The present study investigated the development of A. ceylanicum in immunodeficient NSG mice to determine the contribution of the immune system to host restriction. The infections became patent on day 19 post-infection (PI) and exhibited elevated egg production which lasted for at least 160 days PI. Infective A. ceylanicum larvae reared from eggs released by infected NSG mice were infectious to hamsters and capable of reproduction, indicating that the adults in the NSG mice were producing viable offspring. In contrast, A. ceylanicum showed limited development in outbred Swiss Webster mice. Furthermore, the closely related canine hookworm Ancylostoma caninum was unable to infect and develop in NSG mice, indicating that different mechanisms may determine host specificity even in closely related species. This is the first report of any hookworm species completing its life cycle in a mouse and implicate the immune system in determining host specificity in A. ceylanicum.

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Ancylostoma caninum and Other Canine Hookworms

Cited by 21 publications

References 265 publications

Investigating the free-roaming dog population and gastrointestinal parasite diversity in Tulúm, México

Investigating the free-roaming dog population and gastrointestinal parasite diversity in Tulúm, México

Occurrence of Ancylostoma caninum from a gray fox Urocyon cinereoargenteus in southeastern Mexico

Immunity mediates host specificity in the human hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum

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