2020
DOI: 10.3390/en13040917
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Abstract: The high proliferation of converter-dominated Distributed Renewable Energy Sources (DRESs) at the distribution grid level has gradually replaced the conventional synchronous generators (SGs) of the transmission system, resulting in emerging stability and security challenges. The inherent characteristics of the SGs are currently used for providing ancillary services (ASs), following the instructions of the Transmission System Operator, while the DRESs are obliged to offer specific system support functions, with… Show more

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Cited by 86 publications
(52 citation statements)
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References 110 publications
(133 reference statements)
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“…Based on the explanations given in the Appendix A, it was found that the required size of the ultracapacitor bank was 47 Wh. Based on an average cost of €20/Wh [42], the ultracapacitor bank has as cost €940. The required power of the DC-DC converter was estimated to be 0.9 pu, i.e., 5.4 kW with a cost of €540 (a unit cost of €100/kW, [43], is assumed for DC/DC converters which is approximately half of the unit cost of DC/AC converters as presented below in Section 3.5.3 and Figure 7).…”
Section: Costs and Benefitsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Based on the explanations given in the Appendix A, it was found that the required size of the ultracapacitor bank was 47 Wh. Based on an average cost of €20/Wh [42], the ultracapacitor bank has as cost €940. The required power of the DC-DC converter was estimated to be 0.9 pu, i.e., 5.4 kW with a cost of €540 (a unit cost of €100/kW, [43], is assumed for DC/DC converters which is approximately half of the unit cost of DC/AC converters as presented below in Section 3.5.3 and Figure 7).…”
Section: Costs and Benefitsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Many of the aforementioned AS have been recently introduced in the literature and are still under investigation; hence, the absence of particular metrics for their quantification is a common problem. This applies at metrics regarding both the overall service provision at particular points of the network (e.g., at the transmission-distribution interface), as well as the contribution of each AS provider, as mentioned in [17,18]. Therefore, it is essential to establish new quantification methods that will reflect the actual provision of every AS at the points of interest, with relatively high accuracy.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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