Anatomy of the early Devonian acanthodianBrochoadmones milesibased on nearly complete body fossils, with comments on the evolution and development of paired fins

Abstract

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Head, Body and Fins: Patterns of Morphological Integration and Modularity in Fishes

“…Furthermore, pectoral and pelvic fins are hypothesized to be condensations from a continuous pair of lateral finfolds (Balfour 1876;Thacher 1877;Balfour 1878;Mivart 1879;Balfour 1881;Goodrich 1906;Tanaka et al 2002), implying similarities in their developmental mechanisms that predict similar morphologies, at least in primitive gnathostomes. On the other hand, pelvic fins can be modified independently of the pectoral fins and vice versa, suggesting that both sets of paired fins can be considered as separate modules (Coates and Cohn 1998;Hanke and Wilson 2006;Hall 2010).…”

The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotlan

“…Brochoadmones: Hanke and Wilson (2006); Cassidiceps: Gagnier and Wilson (1996); Climatius: Burrow et al (2015); Culmacanthus: Long (1983), Burrow and Young (2012); Diplacanthus: Gross (1947: type species Diplacanthus crassisimus, referred by Gross to D. striatus, a junior synonym), Young (1995); Euthacanthus: Newman et al (2011,2014); Gladiobranchus = Uraniacanthus -previous analyses included the acanthodian Gladiobranchus in the taxon list, but Newman et al (2012) Miles (1966Miles ( , 1973a, Watson (1937), and Burrow et al (2011).…”

“…Sensory lines pass between the specialised 'umbellate' scales on the head of Brochoadmones (Hanke and Wilson, 2006); there is no sign of sensory lines on the head tesserae of Cassidiceps (Gagnier and Wilson, 1996), and the lateral lines run between scales. Uraniacanthus is recoded (0) as lateral lines run between scales, and the infraorbital sensory line appears to run between scales and a circumorbital plate (Hanke and Davis, 2008 (Watson, 1937;Hanke and Davis, 2012;Burrow et al, 2015;CJB pers.…”

Revision ofClimatius reticulatusAgassiz, 1844 (Acanthodii, Climatiidae), from the Lower Devonian of Scotland, based on new histological and morphological data

“…Scale bars equal 1 cm in A, 1 mm in C, 0.25 mm in D, E, G,H,and0.1 mminF. e913421-10 JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY histology, and in some cases tooth and spine histology, of many earliest Devonian acanthodians known from articulated specimens been published (e.g., Hanke and Wilson, 2006;Hanke, 2008;Hanke andDavis, 2008, 2012;Newman et al, 2012;Brazeau, 2012;Burrow et al, 2013). These investigations highlight the range of scale forms found in taxa that were traditionally assigned to the Climatiiformes, but which were recently recognized as branches of the stem chondrichthyan lineage (Zhu et al, 2013).…”

“…A plethora of other paired spine-bearing jawed fishes, classified as acanthodians or putative stem-group chondrichthyans, from the contemporary MOTH locality in Canada are progressively being described or redescribed (e.g., Hanke and Wilson, 2004, 2006Hanke, 2008;Hanke andDavis, 2008, 2012), as are the long known taxa from the LORS of Britain (Brazeau, 2009(Brazeau, , 2012Newman et al, 2011Newman et al, , 2012Newman et al, , 2014Burrow et al, 2013). Despite the importance of C. reticulatus as the type for the order Climatiiformes Berg, 1940, and the family Climatiidae Berg, 1940, and its potential value in determining character polarities and relationships amongst early gnathostomes, many features, including the scale morphological varieties and scale, tooth whorl, dermal plate, and fin spine histology, have been undescribed, or only briefly described.…”