Anatomy of scalenovertebral triangle: A vade mecum for clinicians

Singal, Anjali; Gupta, Tulika; Sahni, Daisy; Aggarwal, Anjali

doi:10.1016/j.morpho.2019.12.004

Cited by 1 publication

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…What also highlights the mention of the phrenic nerve prevalence is that in the Tubbs et al [34] study, the phrenic nerve was only noted in 12.5% of the study sample, which is considerably less than the current study population. On occasion (incidence not reported) the phrenic nerve was found within the triangles reported by Singal et al [27]. The course of the phrenic nerve in the neck has been described as originating from the cervical plexus in the posterior triangle of the neck, descends and runs obliquely across the anterior scalene muscle and finally, runs anterior to the subclavian artery before entering the thorax [14,20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Another study that examined the vertebral triangle, investigated by Singal et al [27], found that the stellate ganglion was never found in the lateral or upper third of the triangle. Thus, if the ganglion is found within the triangle, it is always inferomedial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With regard to the dimensions of the vertebral triangle, the current study and the study by Tubbs et al [34], show similar dimensions for the height (current study: 31.5 mm; Tubbs et al [34]: 32 mm) but somewhat different dimensions for the width/base (current study 18.8 mm; Tubbs et al [34]: 13 mm). Singal et al [27], investigated 30 vertebral triangles and found the height and width of the triangle to be 21.7 ± 5.1 mm and 19.4 ± 4.4 mm, respectively. In comparison to their study, the dimensions of the height differ from Tubbs et al [34], and the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To compare this study with the combined left and right sides presented by Tubbs et al [34] and Singal et al [27], the nominal data that showed no significant difference between the right and left vertebral triangles was combined (Table 5) for comparison with the previously mentioned studies. No significant difference between the left and right sides with regard to the height and width of the triangle, as well as the closest distance between the C8 spinal nerve to the apex of the triangle was found and, therefore, combined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the variation and course of the vertebral artery has been well established, there is a general lack of scientific literature on the actual dimensional anatomy of the vertebral triangle and the structures in relation to it and in relation to the vertebral artery itself. The anatomical literature on the origins and variation of vertebral artery in the neck dates back to as early as 1927 [17], while the dimensional anatomy of the triangle was only examined in 2005 and then again in early 2020 [27,34]. To address the lack of pure anatomical research on the vertebral triangle, this study aimed to repeat the study conducted by Tubbs et al [34] and quantitatively analyze the size and position of the vertebral triangle, as well as the content, variations and anatomical structures in relation to this triangle in a South African cadaver sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A quantitative analysis of the dimensions and content of the vertebral triangle

et al. 2021

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Purpose:The vertebral triangle (VT) located in the root of the neck most commonly contains the vertebral artery (VA), cervical sympathetic chain and certain roots of the brachial plexus. Although other structures have been reported, few studies have reported on the overall content of this space. Based on the current literature, there is a general paucity of anatomical information pertaining to the dimensional anatomy of the VT and specifically the structures related to it. Therefore, this study aimed to quantitatively analyze the size, position, content, and anatomical structures in relation to the vertebral triangle in a South African sample.Methods: Forty-three VTs were dissected on bodies donated to science. Measurements taken include the dimensions of the triangle, as well as distances between prominent structures and landmarks of the VT. Observations were made on the presence/absence of the varying neurovascular structures within the VT.Results: Mean height was 30.1 ± 1.51 mm (R) and 32.9 ± 1.78 mm (L). Mean width was 18.3 ± 0.74 mm (R) and 19.3 ± 0.98 mm (L). The C8 spinal nerve was found on average approximately halfway [16.4 ± 0.74 mm (R) and 15.9 ± 0.95 mm (L)] in the VT. The VA was present in the VT in 100% of the sample and the C7 spinal nerve and inferior sympathetic ganglia were present in more than 80% of the sample. Conclusion:Understanding the VT and the content is of the utmost importance and of great interest to neurosurgeons, to avoid these important neurovascular structures and prevent iatrogenic complications during surgery.

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