Anatomical subdivisions of the stomach of the Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus)

The Comparison on Morphology and Histology of the <i>Carassius auratus</i>, <i>Pelophylax nigromaculata</i> and <i>Oryctolagus cuniculus</i> Lens

“…Table 1 Lens is connected by ciliaryzonule and ciliary process and is the main regulator of dioptric system; the eye sensitivity and visual clarity have a great influence with its morphology and size [5] .…”

The Comparison on Morphology and Histology of the <i>Carassius auratus</i>, <i>Pelophylax nigromaculata</i> and <i>Oryctolagus cuniculus</i> Lens

“…Table 1 Lens is connected by ciliaryzonule and ciliary process and is the main regulator of dioptric system; the eye sensitivity and visual clarity have a great influence with its morphology and size [5] .…”

Single‐Cell Transcriptomic Atlases of Camels and Cattle Unravel Molecular Evolution of Digestive and Metabolic Systems

“…Among other things, the camel digestive system is characterized by the unique and highly specialized multi‐chambered stomach system that consists of multiple true stomachs, being a special case in the mammalian digestive system. The GS areas and C3, capable of secreting digestive enzymes, prolong gastric digestion and enhance the efficiency of plant‐based food processing, reflecting the unique digestive adaptation in the camel multi‐chambered stomach [ 64 , 65 ]. In contrast, in the Artiodactyla , the ruminants possess multiple stomach chambers, facilitating the digestion of plant‐based diets through microbial fermentation [ 66 ].…”

Morphological, Histo-Morphometric and Histochemical Studies on Compartment 2 of Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius) Stomach

“…The relationship between C1 and C2 in the camel stomach remains controversial. Some studies suggest that C2 represents a specialized continuation of C1, based on their similar morphological and functional characteristics, including the presence of glandular and non-glandular mucosa and their shared roles in fermentation and absorption [14,17,18]. In contrast, other classical anatomical and physiological studies regard C2 as a distinct compartment comparable to the reticulum of true ruminants due to its structural organization, the presence of a defined connecting orifice with C1, and its involvement in digesta sorting and motility [19,20].…”

The Comparison on Morphology and Histology of the <i>Carassius auratus</i>, <i>Pelophylax nigromaculata</i> and <i>Oryctolagus cuniculus</i> Lens

“…Table 1 Lens is connected by ciliaryzonule and ciliary process and is the main regulator of dioptric system; the eye sensitivity and visual clarity have a great influence with its morphology and size [5] .…”

Single‐Cell Transcriptomic Atlases of Camels and Cattle Unravel Molecular Evolution of Digestive and Metabolic Systems

“…Among other things, the camel digestive system is characterized by the unique and highly specialized multi‐chambered stomach system that consists of multiple true stomachs, being a special case in the mammalian digestive system. The GS areas and C3, capable of secreting digestive enzymes, prolong gastric digestion and enhance the efficiency of plant‐based food processing, reflecting the unique digestive adaptation in the camel multi‐chambered stomach [ 64 , 65 ]. In contrast, in the Artiodactyla , the ruminants possess multiple stomach chambers, facilitating the digestion of plant‐based diets through microbial fermentation [ 66 ].…”

Morphological, Histo-Morphometric and Histochemical Studies on Compartment 2 of Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius) Stomach

“…The relationship between C1 and C2 in the camel stomach remains controversial. Some studies suggest that C2 represents a specialized continuation of C1, based on their similar morphological and functional characteristics, including the presence of glandular and non-glandular mucosa and their shared roles in fermentation and absorption [14,17,18]. In contrast, other classical anatomical and physiological studies regard C2 as a distinct compartment comparable to the reticulum of true ruminants due to its structural organization, the presence of a defined connecting orifice with C1, and its involvement in digesta sorting and motility [19,20].…”

The Comparison on Morphology and Histology of the <i>Carassius auratus</i>, <i>Pelophylax nigromaculata</i> and <i>Oryctolagus cuniculus</i> Lens

“…Table 1 Lens is connected by ciliaryzonule and ciliary process and is the main regulator of dioptric system; the eye sensitivity and visual clarity have a great influence with its morphology and size [5] .…”

Single‐Cell Transcriptomic Atlases of Camels and Cattle Unravel Molecular Evolution of Digestive and Metabolic Systems

“…Among other things, the camel digestive system is characterized by the unique and highly specialized multi‐chambered stomach system that consists of multiple true stomachs, being a special case in the mammalian digestive system. The GS areas and C3, capable of secreting digestive enzymes, prolong gastric digestion and enhance the efficiency of plant‐based food processing, reflecting the unique digestive adaptation in the camel multi‐chambered stomach [ 64 , 65 ]. In contrast, in the Artiodactyla , the ruminants possess multiple stomach chambers, facilitating the digestion of plant‐based diets through microbial fermentation [ 66 ].…”

Morphological, Histo-Morphometric and Histochemical Studies on Compartment 2 of Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius) Stomach

“…The relationship between C1 and C2 in the camel stomach remains controversial. Some studies suggest that C2 represents a specialized continuation of C1, based on their similar morphological and functional characteristics, including the presence of glandular and non-glandular mucosa and their shared roles in fermentation and absorption [14,17,18]. In contrast, other classical anatomical and physiological studies regard C2 as a distinct compartment comparable to the reticulum of true ruminants due to its structural organization, the presence of a defined connecting orifice with C1, and its involvement in digesta sorting and motility [19,20].…”