Anatomical Evaluation of Root and Root Canal Configuration of Permanent Maxillary Dentition in the Population of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Aim. This study is aimed at combining the sample sizes of all studies on permanent maxillary teeth conducted in different regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) to obtain a large sample size that represents the population of the KSA. The outcome of these combined studies is compared with international studies in terms of the number of roots, number of canals, and canal configurations on the basis of Vertucci’s classification. Methodology. The studies were systematically reviewed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis chart. Studies were included in the analysis if they were conducted in the KSA, involved permanent human maxillary teeth, and had a sample of more than 10 teeth (power). By contrast, studies were excluded if they involved deciduous teeth in the sample size, investigated nonhuman teeth, were not conducted in the KSA, and were case reports, case series, review studies, and anomalies. Relevant literature was searched from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, and Direct Science by two calibrated teams, starting in August 2020, without time limits or language restrictions. Results. The database searches and cross-referencing identified a total of 19 relevant studies. All maxillary canines ( N = 1,018 ) had one root, whereas 98.4% had one canal and 98.3% had Vertucci type I. Moreover, 63.2% of the maxillary first premolars had two roots, and 91.4% had two canals. The most common Vertucci root canal configuration was type IV (64.6%). The maxillary second premolars mostly had one root (84.4%) and one canal (50.4%). The most common canal configuration was Vertucci type I (47.1%). The majority of maxillary first molars had three roots (98.9%), 48.7% of which had three canals, and 46.4% had four canals. The most prevalent feature of the canal morphology of mesiobuccal roots was Vertucci type II (35.3%). The investigated maxillary second molars had three roots, 88.0% of which had three canals. Conclusion. This systematic review represents the Saudi population since samples were combined from different studies from different regions of the country. Variations in findings were observed in the same group of teeth from different regions and the same region, while the overall combined samples results fell within the range of other international studies.

Root Morphology and Canal Configuration of Permanent Canines Among Saudi Population: Systematic Review and Comparison with Worldwide Studies

“…8 An unexpected anatomy is known as an anatomical variation. 3,9 These variations are common because the internal morphology of the RC is more complex than the external morphology of the tooth. [10][11][12][13] Negligence to treat a few millimeters of tissue pulp can lead to an unsuccessful RCT.…”

Anatomical morphology of maxillary first premolars in a Chinese population assessed using Cone-beam Computed Tomography

“…A great deal of variation in maxillary rst premolar had been reported in root anatomy and root canal morphology in several studies [9][10][11]. Table 7 shows a comparison between the number of maxillary rst premolar roots in previous studies in different regions [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Ethnicity may be the greatest contributor to the variation, especially between Chinese and other populations.…”

Concurrency of additional canals in mandibular incisors and second mesiobuccal canal in maxillary first molars: A cone‐beam computed tomography investigation

“…The second mesiobuccal canal (MB2) in the mesiobuccal root (MBR) of PMFM is the most commonly investigated. Many studies have revealed that the prevalence of MB2 exceeds 50%, varying from 50.8% to 97.6% [7][8][9][10]. For such a high prevalence of MB2 in PMFM, clinicians should be patient and prudential to locate MB2 when treating this tooth.…”