Cardiac catheterization in children with congenital heart disease or in adults with completely or partially corrected cardiac defects, is a growing field of activity for anaesthesiologists. This requires not only the willingness for interdisciplinary co-operation, but also detailed knowledge about the pathophysiology of congenital heart diseases. In interventional paediatric cardiology significant innovations have occurred during recent years including stenting of a patent ductus arteriosus and of peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis. Furthermore, radiofrequency catheter ablation for recurrent tachyarrhythmia, or resynchronisation therapy with biventricular pacing in the setting of congestive heart failure, or implantation of cardioverter defibrillators are increasingly being employed which require anaesthesia support.