Analyzing distributional properties of interference effects across modalities: chances and challenges

Dittrich, Kerstin; Kellen, David; Stahl, Christoph

doi:10.1007/s00426-014-0551-y

Cited by 26 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…We should note that although the auditory target stimuli in Experiment 1 were presented by the left or right speaker, the lateralized sensory activity elicited by the auditory stimuli should have a limited contribution to motor-related LRPs (e.g., Wascher, Schatz, Kuder, & Verleger, 2001; see also Dittrich, Kellen, &Stahl, 2014, andNeumann, van der Heijden, &Allport, 1986, for further discussion). For instance, Wascher et al (2001, Experiment 2) found an increased lateralized ERP over the primary auditory cortex (T7/T8) about 130 ms after stimulus onset, with LRPs over the motor cortex (C1/C2) occurring later (about 270 ms after stimulus onset).…”

Section: Using Lrp As An Index Of Response Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulus–response correspondence in go–nogo and choice tasks: Are reactions altered by the presence of an irrelevant salient object?

Lien

Pedersen

Proctor

2015

Psychological Research

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In 2-choice tasks, responses are faster when stimulus location corresponds to response location, even when stimulus location is irrelevant. Dolk et al. (J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 39:1248-1260, 2013a) found this stimulus-response correspondence effect with a single response location in a go-nogo task when an irrelevant Japanese waving cat was present. They argued that salient objects trigger spatial coding of the response relative to that object. We examined this claim using both behavioral and lateralized readiness potential (LRP) measures. In Experiment 1 participants determined the pitch of a left- or right-positioned tone, whereas in Experiment 2 they determined the color of a dot within a centrally located hand pointing left, right, or straight ahead. In both experiments, participants performed a go-nogo task with the right-index finger and a 2-choice task with both index fingers, with a left-positioned Japanese waving cat present or absent. For the go-nogo task, the cat induced a correspondence effect on response times (RT) to the tones (Experiment 1) but not the visual stimuli (Experiment 2). For the 2-choice task, a correspondence effect was evident in all conditions in both experiments. Cat's presence/absence did not significantly modulate the effect for right and left responses, although there was a trend toward increased RT and LRP for right responses in Experiment 1. The results imply that a salient, irrelevant object could provide a reference frame for response coding when attention is available to process it, as is likely in an auditory task (Experiment 1) but not a visual task (Experiment 2).

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Section: Using Lrp As An Index Of Response Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulus–response correspondence in go–nogo and choice tasks: Are reactions altered by the presence of an irrelevant salient object?

Lien

Pedersen

Proctor

2015

Psychological Research

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“…However, care should be taken if difference scores are used, since those have been shown to depend on the mean RT level (see, e.g., Dittrich, Kellen, & Stahl, 2014;Steinhauser & Hübner, 2008), which we found to be altered for the manual dynamic secondary task, but not for the dynamic secondary task with the nonword. One way to deal with such possible changes due to RT level differences across conditions might be to use proportional scores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Investigating the impact of dynamic and static secondary tasks on task-switch cost

2018

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Many researchers have employed secondary tasks, which have to be performed in parallel with a primary task requirement, to examine how successful task selection is accomplished in the context of task switching. The influence of such a secondary task on the observed switch cost (i.e., the cost arising when the currently relevant task differs from the task performed most recently) is seen as indicative that cognitive processes such as self-instruction are involved. Most secondary tasks chosen so far have required the repeated utterance of a word or syllable or a rhythmic movement of the foot. In the present study, we manipulated the dynamics of the to-be-performed secondary task (i.e., a repeated utterance or movement, or a static task that involved similar muscles-holding a spattle in the mouth or pressing keys). Additionally, we tested for modality-specific influences by asking participants to perform a dynamic or nondynamic (i.e., static) secondary task with two effector systems, namely oral and manual. Overall, our secondary tasks led to a reduced (rather than an increased) switch cost, as compared to a control condition without any secondary task. This reduction in switch cost was dependent on the secondary-task dynamics but independent of the effectors involved, showing larger switch-cost reductions for dynamic secondary tasks. To explain this finding, we suggest that performing secondary tasks interferes with the formation of episodic-memory traces that would lead to retrieval benefits in the case of a task repetition, so that our reduced task-switch costs actually represent reduced repetition benefits.

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“…However, the delta plot slope depends on the exact nature of the task (cf. Proctor, Vu, & Nicoletti, 2003;Proctor & Shao, 2010;Dittrich, Kellen, & Stahl, 2014). The negative slope for the latter suggests that the Simon effect results from a conflict at the motor response stage, which decays over time.…”

Section: Delta Plots Of Stroop Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing Methods and Mathematical Models of Perceptual Decision Making

Tillman¹

2017

Preprint

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In this thesis I argue that cognitive psychologists can use the combination of sequential sampling models, Bayesian estimation methods, and model comparison via predictive accuracy to investigate underlying cognitive processes of perceptual decision-making. I show that sequential sampling models of simple and choice response time allow for researchers to analyze behavioral data and translate them into the constitute components of processing, such as speed of processing, response caution, and the time needed for perceptual encoding and overt motor responses. I use these methods and models to investigate underlying mental processes related to cognitive load, speech perception, and lexical decision-making. I also show that using different sequential sampling models to analyze the same data can lead researchers to draw different conclusions about cognitive processes, which serves as a caution for carelessly using these models. I also present a novel method that researchers can use to observe cognitive processes unfold online during perceptual decision-making tasks. I then discuss a promising collaboration emerging between researchers in the field of mathematical modeling and neuroscience.

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Analyzing distributional properties of interference effects across modalities: chances and challenges

Cited by 26 publications

References 67 publications

Stimulus–response correspondence in go–nogo and choice tasks: Are reactions altered by the presence of an irrelevant salient object?

Stimulus–response correspondence in go–nogo and choice tasks: Are reactions altered by the presence of an irrelevant salient object?

Investigating the impact of dynamic and static secondary tasks on task-switch cost

Advancing Methods and Mathematical Models of Perceptual Decision Making

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