Analytical Solution of Steady Seepage Into Double‐Walled Cofferdams

Approximate equations for the method of fragment

“…Resistance of the sheet pile to the inward movement is the main evaluation criteria of the cofferdams performance, and it is controlled by the structural tolerability of sheet piles and the bracing system (Banerjee and Muleshkov 1992). Meantime, it is uneconomical, if the cofferdam is designed as a structure, which can prevent any seepage (Tomlinson and Boorman 2001).…”

Influence of drainage condition on Coulomb-type active earth pressure

“…where E a is the total active earth pressure; γ sat is the unit weight of the saturated soil; H is the height of the retaining wall; and K' a is the coefficient of active earth pressure for Case 1 and is given by (2) where θ is the inclination of the failure surface; ϕ ' − the soil effective internal friction angle; δ is the soil/wall friction angle, which is generally taken as a fraction of (or even equal to) ϕ ' ; g = γ w /γ sat (γ w is the unit weight of water); and U'(θ) is a function of θ and is expressed as (3) where M = (2m + 1)π/2 and m is an integral number greater than or equal to zero.…”

“…The computation of the earth pressures, including active and passive, with water seepage attracted special attention from Terzaghi (1943), Soubra et al (1999), Barros (2006), and Benmebarek et al (2006). The water seepage solutions on different stratum conditions were given by Harr and Deen (1961), Harr (1962), Moss (1990), and Banerjee and Muleshkov (1992).…”

Coulomb-type solutions for passive earth pressure with steady seepage

“…The problems to compute the earth pressures including active and passive with water seepage through the retained soil mass were therefore paid large attentions by Terzaghi [3], Soubra et al [4], Barros [5], and Benmebarek et al [6]. The water seepage solutions on different stratum conditions were given by Harr and Deen [7], Harr [8], Moss [9], and Banerjee and Muleshkov [10].…”