Analytical Methods Used to Measure Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Water

The methods of identification, analysis, and removal of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in water

“…This could be explained because most PPCPs are more polar than traditional contaminants, and the majority have acidic or basic functional groups. These properties create another obstacle for the research of PPCPs [39]. The biodegradability [40].…”

“…Chemical and advanced oxidative processes (AOPs), such as chlorination and ozonation, are effective in reducing the concentrations of several classes of EDCs and PPCPs. The removal efficiency is generally proportional to the oxidation power, and is a function of the contaminant structure and oxidant dose [39,115,[143][144][145]. Particularly, the chemical structure of target compounds affects the oxidation rate of EDCs.…”

Endocrine Disrupting Compounds (EE2) in water supply system and their effect on water treatment facilities

“…Mitchell, 1993;c Essington, 2004;d Appelo and Postma, 1993 Analytical Procedure: Given the low concentrations (sub-μg/L to low-μg/L) to be detected, the analytical step had to be as sensitive and as selective as possible. Several recent studies have focused on identifying an analytical procedure for the analysis and detection of steroid hormones in various environmental ecosystems (Baronti et al, 2000;Cathum and Sabik, 2001;Lόpez de Alda and Barcelό, 2001;Petrović et al, 2001;Snyder et al, 2003). However, a unique methodology has not yet been defined for such practices; therefore, an analytical procedure was developed for these studies.…”

Comparative study of wastewater disinfection by-product formation during wastewater disinfection by peracetic acid versus sodium hypochlorite

“…Solid-phase extraction (SPE) removes the target analytes from a water sample by distribution and retention on a solid phase (adsorbents), followed by the evaporation with a stream of nitrogen or air [54,56]. There are three kinds of adsorbents packed into a cartridge or column: carbon-based, silica-based, and polymer-based sorbents [53].…”

“…It is a more rapid and sensitive technique for both polar and non-polar analytes in water samples, although low storage stability of the samples may be involved. [53][54][55][56]…”