Analytical electron microscopy of black carbon and microaggregated mineral matter in Amazonian dark Earth

Chia, Chee; Munroe, Paul; Joseph, Stephen; Lin, Yuping; Lehmann, Johannes; Muller, David A.; Xin, Huolin L.; Neves, Eduardo G.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2818.2011.03553.x

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Similarly, the D-G bands in the Raman spectra of the BCC were fitted to five mixed Gaussian-Lorenzian functions, then the cross sectional particle size for a bimodal distribution calculated using a G1 peak at 1598 cm −1 , FWHM 63 cm −1 = 11 nm, G2 1542 cm −1 , FWHM 226 cm −1 = 3 nm . The crystallite size range of the BC of 9-15 nm is typical of charcoals (7-11 nm) (Ribeiro-Soares et al, 2013) whereas the BCC 3-11 nm is more typical of biochars and black carbon that have a significant coating of organomineral micro aggregates as found in Terra Preta soil particles (2-8 nm) (Chia et al, 2012b;Ribeiro-Soares et al, 2013).…”

Section: Analysis Of Surface Functional Groups Using Xps Ftir Raman mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural and associated chemical changes during the composting of a high temperature biochar: Mechanisms for nitrate, phosphate and other nutrient retention and release

Long

Kammann

Shepherd

et al. 2018

Science of The Total Environment

198

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Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of the nutrient status of biochar and soils prior to its inclusion in particular agricultural systems. Pre-treatment of nutrient-reactive biochar, where nutrients are loaded into pores and onto surfaces, gives improved yield outcomes compared to untreated biochar. In this study we have used a wide selection of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques to investigate the mechanisms of nutrient retention in a high temperature wood biochar, which had negative effects on Chenopodium quinoa above ground biomass yield when applied to the system without prior nutrient loading, but positive effects when applied after composting. We have compared non-composted biochar (BC) with composted biochar (BCC) to elucidate the differences which may have led to these results. The results of our investigation provide evidence for a complex series of reactions during composting, where dissolved nutrients are first taken up into biochar pores along a concentration gradient and through capillary action, followed by surface sorption and retention processes which block biochar pores and result in deposition of a nutrient-rich organomineral (plaque) layer. The lack of such pretreatment in the BC samples would render it reactive towards nutrients in a soil-fertilizer system, making it a competitor for, rather than provider of, nutrients for plant growth.

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Section: Analysis Of Surface Functional Groups Using Xps Ftir Raman mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural and associated chemical changes during the composting of a high temperature biochar: Mechanisms for nitrate, phosphate and other nutrient retention and release

Long

Kammann

Shepherd

et al. 2018

Science of The Total Environment

198

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“…Detailed evaluation of biochar after incorporating into the soil for more than one year has been carried out using a range of techniques including transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Chia et al (2012) characterized the interfaces between carbon-rich and mineral-rich regions of particles collected from the Terra Preta soils from the Amazon. A key finding was the appearance of Fe and Mn nanoparticles around the surface of the carbon-rich regions and the high concentration of Ca in the amorphous carbon that surrounded mineral phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale analyses of the surface structure and composition of biochars extracted from field trials or after co-composting using advanced analytical electron microscopy

et al. 2017

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S. (2017). Nanoscale analyses of the surface structure and composition of biochars extracted from field trials or after co-composting using advanced analytical electron microscopy. Geoderma, Nanoscale analyses of the surface structure and composition of biochars extracted from field trials or after co-composting using advanced analytical electron microscopy Abstract Biochars have been recognized as an important material to improve soil properties. In a number of studies their beneficial properties have been found to increase with residence time in soil and during the composting process. The beneficial properties have been correlated with surface functional groups resulting from the interactions between char particles, inorganic and organic matter in the soil and soil biota. These interactions result in the formation of organo-mineral phases on the internal and external surfaces of the biochar. A paucity of information exists, particularly from longer-term field trials, on organo-mineral phases present on both the internal and external surfaces of the biochar. To characterize the structure of, and interface between, the carbon and mineral phases, we examined biochars recovered from two field trials and after composting from different countries using high resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning TEM (STEM), energy electron loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) at resolutions of 1-20 nm. The work revealed the formation of porous agglomerates of different minerals/inorganic compounds bound together with organic compounds on the surfaces of the biochar. In some cases, these agglomerates were bound together to form organo-mineral associations. The analyses also showed that the organic compounds containing both N and C functional groups and mixed valence iron oxide nanoparticles are possibly interacting with the organic compounds. The analysis also showed the formation of pores at the interface of the carbon matrix and organomineral aggregates. S. (2017). Nanoscale analyses of the surface structure and composition of biochars extracted from field trials or after co-composting using advanced analytical electron microscopy. Geoderma, 294 70-79.

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“…For instance, O K-edges observed in Figure 6 and Figure 7 display a prepeak for Ti and Fe particles that is absent for the O K-edge associated with clays, consistent with previous studies on similar systems. 35 This prepeak is associated with O bonded to Fe and Ti. A preliminary analysis (not shown) of the near-edge structure in EELS spectra for C K-edge was performed with an energy resolution of 0.6 eV.…”

Section: Energy and Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Electron Microscopy of Carbon-Rich Mineral Aggregates in Solvent-Diluted Bitumen Products from Mined Alberta Oil Sands

Couillard

Mercier

2016

Energy Fuels

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Vous avez des questions? Nous pouvons vous aider. Pour communiquer directement avec un auteur, consultez la première page de la revue dans laquelle son article a été publié afin de trouver ses coordonnées. Si vous n'arrivez pas à les repérer, communiquez avec nous à PublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. Questions? Contact the NRC Publications Archive team atPublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. If you wish to email the authors directly, please see the first page of the publication for their contact information. NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur. For the publisher's version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l'éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous.http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00708Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at Analytical electron microscopy of carbon-rich mineral aggregates in solvent-diluted bitumen products from mined Alberta oil sands Couillard, Martin; Mercier, Patrick H. J.http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/fra/droits L'accès à ce site Web et l'utilisation de son contenu sont assujettis aux conditions présentées dans le site LISEZ CES CONDITIONS ATTENTIVEMENT AVANT D'UTILISER CE SITE WEB. NRC Publications Record / Notice d'Archives des publications de CNRC:http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/view/object/?id=f58fe631-e095-4385-a137-d555a1f0972d http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/fra/voir/objet/?id=f58fe631-e095-4385-a137-d555a1f0972d ABSTRACT: Contaminant solids in solvent-diluted bitumen product obtained by solvent extraction and solids agglomeration (SESA) of Alberta oil sands are characterized using aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). In particular, the distribution of carbon present in these contaminant solids is determined from spatially resolved spectroscopy. Three distinct types of carbon-rich particles are identified and consist of carbonate minerals, micrometer-sized particles of toluene-insoluble organic carbon, and clay aggregates containing toluene-insoluble organic carbon. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) maps confirm the presence of carbonates, in addition to other minerals, whose abundances are determined by a recently developed quantitative phase analysis methodology. Carbonaceous micrometer-sized particles with detectable amounts of oxygen and sulfur also appear in the elemental maps and suggest the presence of bitumen-unrelated organic materials. Finally, EDX maps also suggest an intricate sub-micrometer association of carbon with clay minerals. To map the distribution of light elements and transition metals in these clay aggregates, electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EEL...

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Analytical electron microscopy of black carbon and microaggregated mineral matter in Amazonian dark Earth

Cited by 21 publications

References 40 publications

Microstructural and associated chemical changes during the composting of a high temperature biochar: Mechanisms for nitrate, phosphate and other nutrient retention and release

Microstructural and associated chemical changes during the composting of a high temperature biochar: Mechanisms for nitrate, phosphate and other nutrient retention and release

Nanoscale analyses of the surface structure and composition of biochars extracted from field trials or after co-composting using advanced analytical electron microscopy

Analytical Electron Microscopy of Carbon-Rich Mineral Aggregates in Solvent-Diluted Bitumen Products from Mined Alberta Oil Sands

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