All-electronic chemical sensors based on field-effect
transistors
(FETs) hold tremendous promise for rapid and sensitive detection of
arsenic in groundwater. Their sensitivity, however, is fundamentally
limited by a chemical gating mechanism where target ion charges are
directly measured. We have developed a highly sensitive aptasensor,
based on scalable graphene FETs, which relies on the conformational
change of the negatively charged aptamer upon arsenite binding, offering
a wide analytical range, from 0.05 to 1000 ppb, and with a 0.02 ppb
detection limit. Circular dichroism spectroscopy studies confirmed
the conformational change of the aptamer, and molecular dynamic studies
further validated that arsenite had bound with the hairpin loop of
the aptamer. This work provides a highly accurate chemical sensing
platform for rapid detection of arsenic in drinking water.