Analysis of wear induced particle emissions from brake pads during the worldwide harmonized light vehicles test procedure (WLTP)

Park, Jong‐Sung; Joo, Byungsoo; Seo, Hyungjo; Song, Wansu; Lee, Jung Ju; Lee, Wan Kyu; Jang, Hae‐Dong

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2020.203539

Cited by 34 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“… 24 , 34 − 38 Figure 1 illustrates greater variability, with a mode diameter number distribution from nanoscale to coarse size range. Reported number distributions are influenced by factors such as brake lining material 19 , 39 and maintenance history. 23 Moreover, brake temperature can affect the BWP size distribution above a critical brake temperature (140 °C < T crit < 240 °C) when ultrafine BWPs are generated.…”

Section: Emission Characteristics and Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Road Traffic-Derived Non-Exhaust Particles: Emissions, Physicochemical Characteristics, Health Risks, and Mitigation Measures

Fussell

Franklin

Green

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

154

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Implementation of regulatory standards has reduced exhaust emissions of particulate matter from road traffic substantially in the developed world. However, nonexhaust particle emissions arising from the wear of brakes, tires, and the road surface, together with the resuspension of road dust, are unregulated and exceed exhaust emissions in many jurisdictions. While knowledge of the sources of nonexhaust particles is fairly good, source-specific measurements of airborne concentrations are few, and studies of the toxicology and epidemiology do not give a clear picture of the health risk posed. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge, with a strong focus on health-related research, highlighting areas where further research is an essential prerequisite for developing focused policy responses to nonexhaust particles.

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Section: Emission Characteristics and Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Road Traffic-Derived Non-Exhaust Particles: Emissions, Physicochemical Characteristics, Health Risks, and Mitigation Measures

Fussell

Franklin

Green

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

154

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“…They noted that the addition of graphite and barite lowered the generated heat and produced fewer cracks. Park et al [ 27 ] studied the wear and airborne emission with several low-steel and non-steel pad formulations and found that the low-steel formulation generated more wear and more airborne particles. They also noted that more airborne particles were emitted at higher velocities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Wear and Material Integrity of NAO and Low-Steel Brake Pads under Severe Conditions

et al. 2021

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In this study, through severe reduced-scale braking tests, we investigate the wear and integrity of organic matrix brake pads against gray cast iron (GCI) discs. Two prototype pad materials are designed with the aim of representing a typical non-metal NAO and a low-steel (LS) formulation. The worn surfaces are observed with SEM. The toughness of the pad materials is tested at the raw state and after a heat treatment. During braking, the LS-GCI disc configuration produces heavy wear. The friction parts both keep their macroscopic integrity and wear appears to be homogeneous. The LS pad is mostly covered by a layer of solid oxidized steel. The NAO-GCI disc configuration wears dramatically and cannot reach the end of the test program. The NAO pad suffers many deep cracks. Compacted third body plateaus are scarce and the corresponding disc surface appears to be very heterogeneous. The pad materials both show similar strength at the raw state and similar weakening after heat treatment. However, the NAO material is much more brittle than the LS material in both states, which seems to favor the growth of cracks. The observations of crack faces suggest that long steel fibers in the LS material palliate the brittleness of the matrix, even after heat damage.

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“…The brake pad surface topography, which included contact plateaus and lowlands, had a significant impact on the amount of brake emissions and size distribution. 183 Primary and secondary plateaus form these discontinuous layers. Primary plateaus help in increasing the friction and reduces the wear as it comprises of thermally stable particles and fibres.…”

Section: Worn Surface Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brake friction composite materials: A review on classifications and influences of friction materials in braking performance with characterizations

Sathyamoorthy

Vijay

Singaravelu

2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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Brake friction materials play an important role in automobiles to reduce speed and to stop the vehicles. Advances in friction materials were updated to ensure effective performances in braking systems and to provide the maximum safety and comfort. Presently eco-friendly friction materials have been used as a replacement for conventional friction materials. Many synthetic and natural products were identified and claimed as better alternatives to banned toxic materials like asbestos and copper. Friction materials developed from natural products are eco-friendly and assure a great promise when applied in modern vehicles. To develop innovative formulations, basic knowledge of common ingredients and their effects in friction materials was needed. This review focuses mainly on providing detailed information about the common ingredients used, processing methods and the characteristics of brake friction materials.

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Analysis of wear induced particle emissions from brake pads during the worldwide harmonized light vehicles test procedure (WLTP)

Cited by 34 publications

References 38 publications

A Review of Road Traffic-Derived Non-Exhaust Particles: Emissions, Physicochemical Characteristics, Health Risks, and Mitigation Measures

A Review of Road Traffic-Derived Non-Exhaust Particles: Emissions, Physicochemical Characteristics, Health Risks, and Mitigation Measures

Differences in Wear and Material Integrity of NAO and Low-Steel Brake Pads under Severe Conditions

Brake friction composite materials: A review on classifications and influences of friction materials in braking performance with characterizations

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