Analysis of volatile compounds of rosemary honey. Comparison of different extraction techniques

Abstract

SummaryThe analysis of the volatile fraction from honey requires the sugar matrix to be separated prior to the analysis by GC-MS. In this study, three extraction techniques, simultaneous extractiondistillation, liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction, were compared to the extraction of the volatile compounds of a rosemary honey Analysis of these fractions by gas chromatography -mass spectrometry enabled the tentative identification of up to 122 volatile compounds (alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, acids, esters, terpenes, hydrocarbons, phenol, furan and pyran compounds). SDE extracts were rich in terpenes and esters, while the other l",,vo techniques avoided the formation of artefacts clue to heating the sample.

Volatile Composition and Contribution to the Aroma of Spanish Honeydew Honeys. Identification of a New Chemical Marker

“…When the SDE methods were applied, only little quantities of furfural and phenylacetaldehyde were formed (22). On the other hand, the recovery of compounds related to the plant, such as terpenic or norisoprenoid compounds, was better using SDE than other methods, such as liquid-liquid or solidphase extraction (23).…”

“…Moreover, methods of extracting the volatile fraction may display a varying degree of selectivity and effectiveness depending upon the compounds involved (22,23).…”

“…The extracts obtained were concentrated to 200 µL under nitrogen flow. This method was previously tested using a model solution containing sugar and amino acids at identical concentrations to that in honeys(22,23).Chromatographic Conditions for the Analysis of Volatiles. All volatile extracts were analyzed using a Hewlett-Packard G 1800 B GCD System (Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto, CA), which consists of a gas chromatograph, an electron ionization detector (EID, 70 eV), and a data system.…”

Some aspects of dynamic headspace analysis of volatile components in honey

“…Several studies have been published on the application of different fractionation techniques to the study of honey volatiles: solvent extraction (SE) (Bicchi, Belliardo, & Frattini, 1983;D'Arcy, Rintoul, Rowland & Blackman, 1997;Rowland, Blackman, D'Arcy & Rintoul, 1995), simultaneous steam distillation-extraction (SDE) (Bicchi et al, 1983;Bonaga & Giumanini, 1986;Alissandrakis, Tarantilis, Harizanis, & Polissiou, 2005), mixed procedures based on SE followed by SDE (Bicchi et al, 1983;Bouseta & Collin, 1995), solid phase extraction (Castro-Vázquez, Pérez-Coello, & Cabezudo, 2003), static headspace (Rowland, Blackman, D'Arcy, & Rintoul, 1995), solid phase dynamic extraction (SPDE) (Ampuero, Bogdanov, & Bosset, 2004) and solid phase microextraction (SPME) (Baroni et al, 2006;de la Fuente, Martínez-Castro, & Sanz, 2005;Piasenzotto, Gracco, & Conte, 2003;Pérez, Sánchez-Brunete, Calvo, & Tadeo, 2002;Soria, González, de Lorenzo, Martínez-Castro, & Sanz, 2004;Soria, Sanz, & Martínez-Castro, submitted for publication).…”

New Sample Preparation Method for Honey Volatiles Fingerprinting Based on Dehydration Homogeneous Liquid–Liquid Extraction (DHLLE)

“…Furthermore, it was not appropriate for semi-volatiles [10]. Castro-Vázquez et al compared MSDE, LLE, and SPE methods concluding that LLE is the recommended method since it provided good yield as well as low standard deviations for most of the compounds analyzed [11]. Performance of SPE was generally similar to LLE except for lower recovery of esters and higher standard deviations.…”