Analysis of the physicochemical properties of post-manufacturing waste derived from production of methyl esters from rapeseed oil

Abstract

A b s t r a c t. The technology of transesterification of biodiesel obtained from many agricultural products, which are often referred to as renewable resources, yields substantial amounts of by-products. They exhibit various properties that prompt scientific research into potential application thereof. Various spectroscopic methods, e.g. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, are being increasingly used in the research. In this paper, we present the results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectroscopy analyses of technical glycerine, distilled glycerine, and matter organic non glycerol, i.e. by-products of biodiesel production. To facilitate the spectroscopic analysis, a number of parameters were determined for all the materials, e.g. the calorific value, water content, sulphated ash content, methanol content, acidity, as well as the contents of esters, heavy metals, aldehydes, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The results indicate that the analysed products are characterised by a comparable calorific value in the range from 11.35 to 16.05 MJ kg -1 in the case of matter organic non glycerol and technical glycerine. Observation of changes in the position of selected peaks in the range of 3700-650 cm -1 in the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy method facilitates determination of the level of degradation of the analysed material. Changes in the wavelength ranges can be used for monitoring the formation of secondary oxidation products containing carbonyl groups.

Bio-Based Packaging Materials Containing Substances Derived from Coffee and Tea Plants

“…According to Figure 9 and Table 4 , the slight modification of PLA and starch-containing polylactide appeared as changes of C–O–C, C=O, C–H bands absorbance as a result of UV radiation and weathering. Moreover, in almost every case, the band of about 801–803 cm −1 , which is probably related to –C–O–C symmetrical stretching vibration [ 52 ] that occurred as a result of the aging process. This band did not appear in the case of PLA with green tea extract, PLA with caffeic acid and starch-containing polylactide with green tea extract after UV exposure, which may signify that these materials are more stable than neat PLA and pure starch-containing polylactide to the action of ultraviolet radiation.…”

Development and Characterization of Hemicellulose-Based Films for Antibacterial Wound-Dressing Application

“…The spectrum of GM showed characteristic peaks of υOH, amide A at 3210 cm −1 , amide II symmetric stretch at 1621 cm −1 , amide I stretch at 1526 cm −1 , δC-O-C at 1030 cm −1 , respectively [36]. The FTIR spectrum of glycerol exhibited peaks at νOH at 3282 cm −1 , and νCH 2 s+as and νCH s+as, at 2940 and 2875 cm −1, νC=C at 1652 cm −1 , δ-C-H at 1458 cm −1 , =C-H (cis-) bending at 1416 cm −1 , δCH at 1321 cm −1 , C-O stretching at 1236 cm −1 , C-O stretching or -O-CH 2 -C, ν(C-C) at 1109 cm −1 , + δCH + νC-C at 1038 cm −1 , νC-C at 986 cm −1 , and CH 2 -rocking at 704 cm −1 , respectively [37].…”

Analysis of the Content of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters in Biodiesel by Fourier‐Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: Method and Comparison with Gas Chromatography

“…This analytical method requires previous sample treatment, tedious calibrations, long analysis times, and it is an expensive technique, among other disadvantages (Soares et al, ). Recently, less complicated analytical methods, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or infrared spectroscopy (IR), have been developed for the characterization of oils and biodiesel samples (Adewale et al, ; Alonso et al, ; Aziziana and Kramer, ; Beltrán Sanahuja et al, ; Cruz et al, ; Dubé et al, ; Forfang et al, ; Guillén et al, ; Gelbard et al, ; Jin et al, ; Kachel et al, ; Kachel‐Jakubowska et al, ; Kollar et al, ; Matwijczuk et al, ; Mei Han and Chee Liang, ; Monteiro et al, ; Morgenstern et al, ; Oliveira et al, ; Siatis et al, ; Vrtiška and Šimáček, ), although some of them require costly equipment and analysis.…”

“…Campbell et al () performed FTIR measurements of mid‐IR absorption spectra of gaseous FAME at T = 25–500 °C in order to diagnose its use in heated shock tubes, aerosol shock tubes, internal combustión engines, pulse detonation engines and other combustión reactors. Other researchers used FTIR spectroscopy to assess the oxidation process of castor oil fatty methyl ester samples by means of Rancimat (EN 14112) and PetroOXY (ASTM‐D7545) oxidation methods (Araújo et al, ), to analyze the physicochemical properties of glycerin from production of methyl esters from rapeseed oil (Kachel‐Jakubowska et al, ) or to determine the moisture content in biodiesel simple (Mirghani et al, ). Based on studies quoted, the potential of the FTIR technique for screening and/or monitoring of physical and chemical characteristics of biofuels is reflected.…”