Analysis of the Performance of Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) for Four Child Killer Diseases under the Military and Civilian Regimes in Nigeria, 1995-1999; 2000-2005

Obioha, Emeka E.; Ajala, Aderemi Suleiman; Matobo, Thope

doi:10.1080/09735070.2010.11886361

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Although immunization began in Nigeria in 1956 when smallpox was severe nationwide the national immunization tagged Expanded Programme on Immunization started in 1979 to combat deadly childhood diseases, which were regarded as the cause of high infant morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. These diseases are polio, measles, yellow fever, whooping cough, diphtheria, tuberculosis of and marasmus [ 4 ]. Although malaria is not included in the list of childhood diseases, researches are ongoing to develop a malaria vaccine which will hitherto prevent and reduce infant malaria.…”

Section: Vaccination Of Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(iii) Innovations : By the year 2004, Nigeria should include vitamin A and hepatitis B (HB) in its national immunization programmes; and the vaccination coverage should not be less than 80% as with other antigens. Under the new technology drive, the country should adopt the multi-dose vial policy (MDVP) and vaccine vial monitor (VVM) and also introduce new methods for monitoring its use [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introduction: Policy Guidelines and Targets Of Epi In Nigerimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Trends of Immunization in Nigeria: Prospect and Challenges

et al. 2014

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Immunization is aimed at the prevention of infectious diseases. In Nigeria, the National Programme on Immunization (NPI) suffers recurrent setbacks due to many factors including ethnicity and religious beliefs. Nigeria is made up of 36 states with its federal capital in Abuja. The country is divided into six geo-political zones; north central, north west, north east, south east, south west and south south. The population is unevenly distributed across the country. The average population density in 2006 was estimated at 150 people per square kilometres with Lagos, Anambra, Imo, Abia, and Akwa Ibom being the most densely populated states. Most of the densely populated states are found in the south east. Kano with an average density of 442 persons per square kilometre, is the most densely populated state in the northern part of the country. This study presents a review on the current immunization programme and the many challenges affecting its success in the eradication of childhood diseases in Nigeria.

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Section: Vaccination Of Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction: Policy Guidelines and Targets Of Epi In Nigerimentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Trends of Immunization in Nigeria: Prospect and Challenges

et al. 2014

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“…Full course of vaccinations against debilitating diseases such as poliomyelitis, tuberculosis, measles, diphtheria, and neonatal tetanus is one of the most cost-effective public health strategies to reduce child morbidity and mortality [ 1 , 2 ]. In addition to reducing the risk of the diseases for which they are intended, vaccines such as Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and measles-containing vaccines (MCV) also lower the risk of illness and mortality from other causes [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, in 2015, the ten countries with the lowest coverage of the third dose of Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus containing vaccine (DPT3) are in low income countries and seven of these countries are in Africa [ 4 ]. The World Health Organization Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) was initiated in Nigeria in 1979; since then considerable efforts has been made towards ensuring universal immunization coverage in the country [ 1 , 2 , 5 ]. Despite these efforts, inequality in access to immunization has been documented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal education and child immunization: the mediating roles of maternal literacy and socioeconomic status

Balogun¹,

Yusuff²,

Yusuf³

et al. 2017

Pan Afr Med J

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IntroductionPrevious studies in Nigeria have documented significant association between maternal education and child immunization. However, little is known about the pathway through which maternal education improves immunization uptake. This study aims to examine whether maternal literacy and socioeconomic status mediates the relationship between maternal education and complete immunization coverage in children.MethodsNationally representative data from the first wave of the Nigeria General Household Survey-Panel were used, which includes 661 children aged one year and below. Regression analyses were used to model the association between maternal education and child's immunization uptake; we then examined whether maternal literacy and household economic status mediates this association.ResultsOf the 661 children, 40% had complete immunization. The prevalence ratio (PR) of complete immunization in children whose mothers were educated versus those whose mothers were not educated was 1.44 (95% CI: 1.16-1.77). Maternal literacy substantially reduced the estimated association between maternal education and complete immunization by 90%, whereas household economic status reduced the estimates by 27%.ConclusionThese findings suggest that complete immunization was higher in children whose mothers were educated, partly because maternal education leads to acquisition of literacy skills and better health-seeking behavior which then improves immunization uptake for their children. Socioeconomic status is an alternative pathway but with less substantial indirect effect.

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“…In Nigeria, the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) recommends doses of DTP vaccine at ages 6, 10 and 14 weeks [ 15 ]. In 2011, national coverage rates for the first and third doses of DTP in Nigeria were estimated at 53% and 47%, respectively [ 9 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diphtheria outbreak with high mortality in northeastern Nigeria

Besa¹,

Coldiron²,

Bakri³

et al. 2013

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYA diphtheria outbreak occurred from February to November 2011 in the village of Kimba and its surrounding settlements, in Borno State, northeastern Nigeria. We conducted a retrospective outbreak investigation in Kimba village and the surrounding settlements to better describe the extent and clinical characteristics of this outbreak. Ninety-eight cases met the criteria of the case definition of diphtheria, 63 (64·3%) of whom were children aged <10 years; 98% of cases had never been immunized against diphtheria. None of the 98 cases received diphtheria antitoxin, penicillin, or erythromycin during their illness. The overall case-fatality ratio was 21·4%, and was highest in children aged 0–4 years (42·9%). Low rates of immunization, delayed clinical recognition of diphtheria and absence of treatment with antitoxin and appropriate antibiotics contributed to this epidemic and its severity.

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Analysis of the Performance of Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) for Four Child Killer Diseases under the Military and Civilian Regimes in Nigeria, 1995-1999; 2000-2005

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Current Trends of Immunization in Nigeria: Prospect and Challenges

Current Trends of Immunization in Nigeria: Prospect and Challenges

Maternal education and child immunization: the mediating roles of maternal literacy and socioeconomic status

Diphtheria outbreak with high mortality in northeastern Nigeria

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