Analysis of the Hemiplegic Gait

Lower Extremity Long-Latency Reflexes Differentiate Walking Function After Stroke

“…To our knowledge, this is the first time that LLRs have been investigated in parallel with walking function in chronic stroke. We chose to assess LLRs during isolated plantarflexion because many individuals with chronic stroke lack the capacity to activate the plantarflexors during walking, limiting their ability to generate enough propulsive force to walk efficiently (Marks and Hirschberg 1958; Jonkers et al 2009; Banks et al 2017). It is also challenging to accurately assess walking after stroke because many individuals cannot walk completely unassisted (i.e., without a brace, cane, or weight support) for long durations, all of which is required for thorough biomechanical analysis (Jorgensen et al 1995).…”

Lower Extremity Long-Latency Reflexes Differentiate Walking Function After Stroke

“…To our knowledge, this is the first time that LLRs have been investigated in parallel with walking function in chronic stroke. We chose to assess LLRs during isolated plantarflexion because many individuals with chronic stroke lack the capacity to activate the plantarflexors during walking, limiting their ability to generate enough propulsive force to walk efficiently (Marks and Hirschberg 1958; Jonkers et al 2009; Banks et al 2017). It is also challenging to accurately assess walking after stroke because many individuals cannot walk completely unassisted (i.e., without a brace, cane, or weight support) for long durations, all of which is required for thorough biomechanical analysis (Jorgensen et al 1995).…”

Neuromuscular strategies in the paretic leg during curved walking in individuals post-stroke

“…Locomotor patterns post-stroke are characterized by reduced or absent muscle activity (Burridge et al 2001;Hirschberg and Nathanson 1952;Marks and Hirschberg 1958) and disorders in the timing of muscle activity (Burridge et al 2001;Knutsson and Richards 1979;Lamontagne et al 2001;Peat et al 1976;Shiavi et al 1987). Recent findings have suggested that individuals poststroke have reduced complexity in the neuromotor control of lower-limb muscle activity during gait (Clark et al 2010).…”

Walking dynamics are symmetric (enough)

“…ranges [11,12] and velocities [13], stride lengths [10,12,14,15], ground reaction forces [16][17][18][19], EMG profiles [20][21][22][23], limbs forces and moments [24][25][26][27], or center-of-mass oscillations [28][29][30]. However, as Sadeghi et.…”

“…The common trend among previous work is the comparison of kinetic and/or kinematic gait parameters between the right and left halves of the body, i.e. joint angles [7][8][9][10], ranges [11,12] and velocities [13], stride lengths [10,12,14,15], ground reaction forces [16][17][18][19], EMG profiles [20][21][22][23], limbs forces and moments [24][25][26][27], or center-of-mass oscillations [28][29][30]. However, as Sadeghi et.…”

Lower Extremity Long-Latency Reflexes Differentiate Walking Function After Stroke

“…To our knowledge, this is the first time that LLRs have been investigated in parallel with walking function in chronic stroke. We chose to assess LLRs during isolated plantarflexion because many individuals with chronic stroke lack the capacity to activate the plantarflexors during walking, limiting their ability to generate enough propulsive force to walk efficiently (Marks and Hirschberg 1958; Jonkers et al 2009; Banks et al 2017). It is also challenging to accurately assess walking after stroke because many individuals cannot walk completely unassisted (i.e., without a brace, cane, or weight support) for long durations, all of which is required for thorough biomechanical analysis (Jorgensen et al 1995).…”

Neuromuscular strategies in the paretic leg during curved walking in individuals post-stroke

“…Locomotor patterns post-stroke are characterized by reduced or absent muscle activity (Burridge et al 2001;Hirschberg and Nathanson 1952;Marks and Hirschberg 1958) and disorders in the timing of muscle activity (Burridge et al 2001;Knutsson and Richards 1979;Lamontagne et al 2001;Peat et al 1976;Shiavi et al 1987). Recent findings have suggested that individuals poststroke have reduced complexity in the neuromotor control of lower-limb muscle activity during gait (Clark et al 2010).…”

Walking dynamics are symmetric (enough)

“…ranges [11,12] and velocities [13], stride lengths [10,12,14,15], ground reaction forces [16][17][18][19], EMG profiles [20][21][22][23], limbs forces and moments [24][25][26][27], or center-of-mass oscillations [28][29][30]. However, as Sadeghi et.…”

“…The common trend among previous work is the comparison of kinetic and/or kinematic gait parameters between the right and left halves of the body, i.e. joint angles [7][8][9][10], ranges [11,12] and velocities [13], stride lengths [10,12,14,15], ground reaction forces [16][17][18][19], EMG profiles [20][21][22][23], limbs forces and moments [24][25][26][27], or center-of-mass oscillations [28][29][30]. However, as Sadeghi et.…”

Lower Extremity Long-Latency Reflexes Differentiate Walking Function After Stroke

“…To our knowledge, this is the first time that LLRs have been investigated in parallel with walking function in chronic stroke. We chose to assess LLRs during isolated plantarflexion because many individuals with chronic stroke lack the capacity to activate the plantarflexors during walking, limiting their ability to generate enough propulsive force to walk efficiently (Marks and Hirschberg 1958; Jonkers et al 2009; Banks et al 2017). It is also challenging to accurately assess walking after stroke because many individuals cannot walk completely unassisted (i.e., without a brace, cane, or weight support) for long durations, all of which is required for thorough biomechanical analysis (Jorgensen et al 1995).…”

Neuromuscular strategies in the paretic leg during curved walking in individuals post-stroke

“…Locomotor patterns post-stroke are characterized by reduced or absent muscle activity (Burridge et al 2001;Hirschberg and Nathanson 1952;Marks and Hirschberg 1958) and disorders in the timing of muscle activity (Burridge et al 2001;Knutsson and Richards 1979;Lamontagne et al 2001;Peat et al 1976;Shiavi et al 1987). Recent findings have suggested that individuals poststroke have reduced complexity in the neuromotor control of lower-limb muscle activity during gait (Clark et al 2010).…”

Walking dynamics are symmetric (enough)

“…ranges [11,12] and velocities [13], stride lengths [10,12,14,15], ground reaction forces [16][17][18][19], EMG profiles [20][21][22][23], limbs forces and moments [24][25][26][27], or center-of-mass oscillations [28][29][30]. However, as Sadeghi et.…”

“…The common trend among previous work is the comparison of kinetic and/or kinematic gait parameters between the right and left halves of the body, i.e. joint angles [7][8][9][10], ranges [11,12] and velocities [13], stride lengths [10,12,14,15], ground reaction forces [16][17][18][19], EMG profiles [20][21][22][23], limbs forces and moments [24][25][26][27], or center-of-mass oscillations [28][29][30]. However, as Sadeghi et.…”